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0038.1
GESKIEDENIS HG
(EERSTE VRAESTEL)
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
NOVEMBER 2001
TYD:
TIME:
2UUR
2 HOURS
WES-KAAPONDERWYSDEPARTEMENT
WESTERN CAPE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
ISEBELEMFUNDO LENTSHONA KOLONI
SENIOR SERTIFIKAA TKSKSAMEN
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
Skryf op die buiteblad van jou antwoordboek, teenoor die woord "Vak" GESKIEDENIS HOeR GRAAD (EERSTE VRAESTEL)
Write on the cover of your answer book, after the word "Subject"HISTORY HIGHER GRADE (FIRST PAPER)
Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 13 bladsye
en 'n Addendum.
This question paper consists of 13 pages
and an Addendum.
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
3
(0038.1)
INSTRUCTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
This paper consists of 2 sections. Section A contains essay questions and
Section B source-based questions.
Answer Question 5 plus ANY TWO other questions.
Devote about 40 minutes to each of the three questions.
Marks are awarded for such aspects as presentation, insight and logicality, but
note that the content of the answer is also of great importance.
Number your answers according to the question numbers used in this
section.
Subsections of the source-based questions should be answered in the correct
sequence and each question should be answered as a unit.
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
SECTION A
ESSAY QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
THE USSR
5
(0038.1)
Critically evaluate the role played by the February Revolution and Kerensky's
government in paving the way for the success of the Bolshevik Revolution in
Russia in October 1917.
QUESTION 2
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
How successful was Roosevelt's New Deal in ending the Great Depression in
America? Explain your answer.
QUESTION 3
/50/
THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
To what extent has the United Nations fulfilled its social, humanitarian and economic
aims? Substantiate your answer.
QUESTION 4
/50/
/50/
AFRICA
Would you agree that most of the challenges faced by the newly independent
African states in the 1960s were directly related to their colonial past? Explain your
answer.
/50/
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
SECTION B
7
(0038.1)
SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
All the following questions are based on the sources in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 5
(COMPULSORY QUESTION)
EVENTS LEADING TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
5.1
FASCISM IN GERMANY: EXTRACTING EVIDENCE FROM A VARlETY OF
SOURCES.
Use Sources A, B, C, D, and E, which refer to fascism in Nazi Germany, to
answer the questions below:
5.1.1
Refer to Source A. Explain the two characteristics of Nazi Germany referred
to in this extract from Hitler's Mein Kampf
(4)
Look carefully at Source B. What does the graph tell us about support for the
Nazi Party during the 1920s and 1930s?
(4)
Suggest two sources an historian might need to consult in order to explain or
interpret these election results, and say what sort of evidence would come
from each of the sources.
(4)
Refer to Sources Band C. What evidence in Source C helps to explain how
the support for the Nazi Party rose from 43,9% in March 1933 to 100% in
July 1933?
(4)
An opponent of the Nazi regime wrote the description of the scene at the Kroll
Opera House. In what way does this affect the value of the evidence to the
historian?
(3)
5.1.6
Refer to Source A. What did Hitler mean when he talked of 'racial quality'?
(3)
5.1.7
Refer to Sources D and E. What does each of these sources tell us about how
Hitler carried out his aim of maintaining what he considered to be 'racial quality'
(Source A)?
(6)
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
5.1.8
(0038.1)
Look carefully at Source D.
(a)
(b)
5.1.9
9
What does the map tell us about where most of the Nazi extermination
camps in Europe were built?
Using the evidence from the map, suggest two reasons Hitler might
have had for situating the camps in these regions.
In Source E, Himmler talks of 'a page of glory in our history'. You are a
Human Rights activist. Write a brief press release in response to this statement.
(2)
(4)
(6)
[40]
5.2
THE USSR AND USA ENTER THE WAR AGAINST GERMANY: EVIDENCE FROM
CARTOONS
5.2.1
Look carefully at Sources F and G. What message is the cartoonist trying to
convey in each of these cartoons?
(3x2=6)
5.2.2
How useful are cartoons as historical evidence? Explain your answer.
(4)
[10]
/50/
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
QUESTION 6
11
(0038.1)
(OPTIONAL QUESTION)
THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE
6.1
HOW DID THE BERLIN BLOCKADE INCREASE THE COLD WAR
TENSIONS IN EUROPE?
Use Sources H, I, J, K and L, which refer to the results of the Berlin Blockade,
to answer the questions which follow.
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
Refer to Sources H, I and J. How do these sources differ in their interpretation
of the Berlin Blockade?
(6)
Refer to Sources H and J. Explain, in the context of the Cold War, why the
Soviet Union and the United States of America would have conflicting
interpretations of the Berlin Blockade.
(4)
Which of Sources H, I and J do you think gives the most reliable view of the
Blockade? Give a reason for your answer.
(3)
Read Source K. What evidence is there in this source to prove that the NATO
powers believed the Organisation to be defensive?
(4)
6. 1.5 Look carefully at Source L. What was the attitude of the Soviet Union
towards NATO? Use evidence from the source to substantiate your answer.
6.1.6
6.2
How did the Berlin Blockade and NATO contribute to the tension between
the two superpowers, the USSR and USA?
(4)
(4)
THE HUNGARIAN UPRISING, 1956
Use Sources M and N on the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 to answer the
questions which follow.
6.2.1
6.2.2
Refer to Source M. Explain why the Hungarian people were so angry that they
were trying to destroy the statue of Stalin and the symbols of the Soviet Union?
(8)
Refer to Sources M and N. According to the Soviet Union, 'Counterrevolutionaries' mentioned in Source N were 'fascists and supporters ofthe
USA'. Does the evidence in Source M support this interpretation? Give
a reason for your answer.
(4)
[25]
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
6.2.3
6.2.4
(0038.1)
What do you think the rebels mentioned in Source M would have said about the
claim in Pravda (Source N) that they were
(a)
(b)
6.2.4
13
'fascists'
murdering Hungarian 'patriots' in the streets?
(2x2 = 4)
Refer to Source N. Is there any sentence in this report with
with which the Hungarian rebels would have agreed? Explain
your answer.
(4)
Bias occurs in history when the evidence is either deliberately
distorted or by leaving important evidence out, to produce an
inaccurate account of an event. In what ways is this Pravda
report (Source N) an example of biased evidence?
(5)
[25]
/50/
TOTAL:
/150/
0038.1A
HISTORY HG
(FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM:
SOURCES
NOVEMBER 2001
TIME:
2 HOURS
WESTERN CAPE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
ISEBE LEMFUNDO LENTSHONA KOLONI
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
ADDENDUM:
EXAMINATION
SOURCES
This Addendum consists of 9 pages.
2
HISTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
QUESTION 5
(COMPULSORY
CIRCUMSTANCES
WmCR
5.1
(OO38.1A)
QUESTION)
LED TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
FASCISM IN GERMANY
SOURCE A
This is an extract £TomMein Kampf written by Hitler while in prison after the Munich Putsch of
1923.
There must be no majority decisions. The decisions will be made by one man, only he alone
may possess the authority and right to command.
Blood mixing and the resultant drop in the racial quality is the sole cause of the dying out of
old cultures. All who are not of good race in the world are chaff.
SOURCE B
This table shows the number of seats won by the Nazi Party in German elections, and the
percentage of votes cast in favour of the Nazi Party in those elections.
Reichstag elections
May
1924
Dec
1924
May
1928
Sept
1930
July
1932
Nov
1932'
March
1933
July
1933
Number of seats
32
14
12
107
230
196
288
647
National vote (%)
6,5
3,0
2,6
18,3
37,3
33,1
43,9
100
SOURCE C
In March 1933 the Enabling Act was passed in the German Reichstag (parliament) giving Hitler
powerto make laws without the approval of the Reichstag. A Social Democrat Member of the
Reichstag remembers the passing of the Act:
The wide square in £Tontof the Kroll Opera House was crowded with dark masses of
people. We were received with wild choruses: 'We want an Enabling Act!' Youths
with swastikas on their chests eyed us insolently, blocked our way, in fact made us
run the gauntlet, calling us names like 'Centre [Catholic Party] pig', 'Marxist sow'.
The Opera House was crawling with armed SA and SS men. The assembly hall was
decorated with swastikas. ..
HISTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
-
3
(OO38.1A)
SOURCE D
A map showing the position of Nazi concentration and extennination camps in Europe between
1933 and 1945.
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THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS
concentration camp
in which more than 2 million people
were murdered between 1941 and
1944, including Jews, Gypsies,
and Soviet prisoners-of-war.
i-
Camps set up solely for the murder
of Jews.
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loogo
TONIA
Other camps in which Jews and
non-Jews were put to forced labour,
starved, tortured, and murdered in
condftions of the worst imaginable
cruelty. Most of these camps had
'satellite' labour camps nearby.
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4
HISTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
(OO38.1A)
SOURCE E
This is an extract ITom a speech made by Rimmler to the SS
commanders in occupied Poland.
I want to speak here before you in all openness about a very delicate subject.
Among us it should be talked about quite openly, but despite this we shall
never talk about it in public. I mean the evacuation of the Jews, the
extermination of the Jewish people. This is one of those things that one says
easily enough. 'The Jewish people will be exterminated' says many a party
comrade...Ofall the people that talk that way, none has seen it happen, none
has been through it. Most of you know what it means when 100 corpses are
lying together, when 500 are lying there, or when 1000 are lying there. To
have seen that through and while doing so - leaving aside exceptions owing
to human weakness - to have maintained our integrity, that has made us hard.
This is an unwritten and never-to-be written page of glory in our history.
HISTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
5.2
5
(OO38.1A)
THE USSR AND USA ENTER THE WAR AGAINST GERMANY
SOURCEF
This is a British cartoon published in the Daily Mail, in November 1941. It was published 5
months after Hitler invaded the USSR. Hitler is on the left playing against Stalin on the right.
.
Churchill is standing behind Stalin.
NEARING THE SHOW-DOWN
6
HISTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
(OO38.1A)
SOURCE G
This is a South Aftican cartoon commenting on the USA's entry into the Second World War. It shows
Franklin D. Roosevelt in the middle of the boxing ring announcing the arrival of the USA. Hitler and
Mussolini are in one comer with France, Britain and Russia in the other comer.
THE PROTACONISTS
mSTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
7
(OO38.1A)
QUESTION 6 (OPTIONAL)
THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE
6.1
HOW DID THE BERLIN BLOCKADE INCREASE THE COLD WAR TENSIONS IN
EUROPE?
SOURCE H
Berlin was divided after World War TI.In June 1948, the Soviet Union cut off all road, rail and
canal links between West Germany and West Berlin, trying to force the Allies out of the city.
President Truman spoke about the crisis soon after it ended in 1949.
We refused to be forced out of the city of Berlin. We demonstrated to the people of
Europe that we would act and act resolutely, when their freedom was threatened.
Politically it brought the people of Western Europe closer to us. The Berlin blockade was
a move to test our ability and our will to resist.
SOURCE I
In 1984, historian Jack Watson wrote about the Berlin airlift.
The Berlin air-lift was a considerable achievement but neither side gained anything from
the confrontation. The USSR had not gained control of Berlin. The West had no
guarantees that land communications would not be cut again. Above all, confrontation
made both sides even more stubborn.
SOURCE J
Historian P. Fisher in his book, The Great Power Conflict, quoted a
Soviet view of the Berlin crisis.
The crisis was planned in Washington, behind a smokescreen of anti- Soviet propaganda.
In 1948 there was danger of war. The conduct of the Western powers risked bloody
incidents. The self-blockade of the Western powers hit the West Berlin population with
harshness. The people were freezing and starving. In the Spring of 1949 the USA was
forced to yield...their war plans had come to nothing, because of the conduct of the
USSR.
8
HISTORY HG (FIRST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
(OO38.1A)
SOURCE K
During the Blockade Western powers met in Washington and signed
an agreement to set up NATO. This is an extract trom the NATO Charter.
Article 3: To achieve the aims of this Treaty, the Parties [countries] will keep up their
individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack.
Article 5: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe
or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.
SOURCE L
This Soviet cartoon about NATO appeared in 1963. The dog's teeth are labelled NATO. The
dog is about to attack the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
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HISTORY HG (FffiST PAPER)
ADDENDUM: SOURCES
6.2
9
(OO38.1A)
THE HUNGARIAN UPRISING, 1956
SOURCE M
An account of the Hungarian uprising by an Austrian eye-witness, published in the British
newspaper, The Manchester Guardian on 25 October 1956.
The five thousand students who were meeting in front of the Petofi Monument in
Budapest were joined shortly after dusk by thousands of workers and others. The great
crowd then marched to the Stalin monument. Ropes were wound round the statue's
neck, and, to cheers, the crowd attempted to topple the statue. But it would otot budge.
They finally managed to melt Stalin's knees by using welding torches.
When the body of the statue broke apart and his legs crashed on the ground, the crowd
started shouting. 'Russians go home, Russians go home. ' .. .With hammers, iron pipes,
and various other tools, the crowd cut and broke the monument into countless pieces.
Several demonstrators told me that they wanted a souvenir of that --Stalin. While the
Stalin Monument was being attacked, another crowd stormed the Trade Unions
building, broke a huge Red Star from the roof, and threw it to the pavement. Police
were standing by, but made no attempt to interfere.
I have never seen more determination on the faces of a crowd... I'm sure they were all
ready to risk their lives for their cause.
SOURCE N
An extract from a report which appeared in Pravda, the official newspaper of the Soviet
Communist Party, on 9 November 1956. The Russians claimed that the Hungarian Rising was
planned by 'counter-revolutionary elements'. 'Counter-revolutionaries' to the Russians meant
Fascists and supporters of the USA.
Counter-revolutionary ringleaders [within Hungary] organised an attack on the
peaceful population, terrorised it, and murdered all progressive workers... The
government was powerless to prevent these criminal excesses from continuing and
spreading.. evevolutioevolutionary bands dragged Hungarian patriots [supporters of
communism] through the streets, kicked and tortured them until these defenceless
victims of terrorism died in horrible suffering.. veverything which resembled
Socialism, the Communist Party or ftiendship of the USSR was destroyed with fury.