Download World War I

World War I
http://greatwarphotos.com/category/westernfront/
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/thenandnow/in
dex.html#world
http://www.wolfwarburg.com/versailles_diktat.htm
World War I
Why do you think that this conflict is
known as a World War?
Events during the War
What is it an Industrial War? How was
World War I an Industrial War?
Causes
World
War I
Effects
What reasons for going to war might
justify the death and destruction that it
causes? (why have countries traditionally
gone to war?)
•
•
•
•
An Industrial War
More than 70 million military
personnel mobilized (60 million
Europeans
Over 9 million combatants killed,
over 21 million wounded
About 6.8 million civilian deaths
Unlike most wars before this the
majority of military deaths were
caused by combat (improved
weapons)
Otto Dix, Storm Troopers
During a Gas Attack, 1924
‘The Great War’ – A World War
• Allied Powers in Green
• Central Powers in Yellow
• Neutral Countries in Gray
Causes of World War I
Long-Term Causes
Nationalism
 France wanted
land back &
revenge for
Franco-Prussian
War
 Serbs wanted
independence
from A-H
 A-H and
Ottomans felt
threatened by
smaller nations
declaring
independence
Militarism &
alliances
Industrialism &
technology
Imperialism
 Germany built up  Telegraphs,
 “Scramble for
military to unify
machine guns,
Africa” – France
 England &
railroads, etc.
& Germany
Germany
made war
fought over
competed for
bigger, easier,
Morocco
best navy
more deadly
 Colonies
 Competing
 Population
provided more
alliances: Triple
growth from IR
resources &
Alliances
made for larger
manpower for
(Germany, Italy,
militaries
conflicts
A-H) vs. Triple
 German
Entente
economy grew
(England, France
fastest, England
and Russia)
felt threatened
Causes of World War I
Immediate Causes
Nationalism
Militarism &
alliances
Industrialism &
technology
Imperialism
 Serbian
nationalists
assassinated
Franz Ferdinand
& demanded
independence
 Russia backed
the Serbians
since they were
both Slavic
peoples
 Alliance system
kicks in and
creates a
Domino Effect
1st A-H
mobilized, 2nd
Russia
mobilized, 3rd
German
mobilized
 Germany
attacked
Belgium &
France = WAR
Europe Rushes into
war:
 Germany used
its railroads to
build up forces
on Russian
border
 Crossed
telegraphs and
broken
negotiations
Competition over
colonies & internal
borders:
 A-H gave an
ultimatum to
Serbians to stop
loss of territory
 Ottomans
wanted to fight
to regain control
of Balkan
Peninsula
Going to War: How did Germany feel about going to War?
Bernd Huppauf, Historian
• 1. Why did the German
people feel as if the war
was inevitable?
• 2. Why did the German
people feel as if they had
been forced into the war?
How did they view their
involvement in the war?
• 3. What long term or
immediate causes of World
War 1 can you identify in
these paragraphs?
The Alliance System
The Alliance System
• Between August 1 and August
6 Germany, Russia, France, A-H
and Britain had all declared war
on one another. Historians still
debate who (nation/leader) or
what force caused WWI. Each
country pointed their finger at
someone else.
1. Is it important to lay the
blame for the war on one
group or nation? Why or
why not?
2. Consider the causes of
war we have discussed.
Which do you think is the
most significant and why?
(Explain your answer)
3. Examine the cartoon –
what does this drawing
suggest about the
outbreak of WWI?
The Outbreak of War
Alliances Form
Tensions Rise
The War Begins
-Triple Alliance, 1882(Germany, Austria,
Italy)
-Triple Entente, 1904 –
(Russia, France Britain)
-Germany signs treaty
with Ottoman Turkey
-Britain develops
relations with Japan
-Powers want to
protect status
-Compete overseas
for colonies
-Militarism
-Britain feels
threatened by
Germany;
Germany fears
Russia
-Sensational
Journalism stirs
public feelings
-Balkan Wars
Timeline of Events
1 Archduke of A-H
assassinated by Serbian
nationalist
2. Austria gives Serbia
ultimatum (has a ‘blank check’
from Germany)
3. Serbia will not meet all terms
(backed by Russia)
-Willy-Nicky Telegrams (Germany –
Russia) try to relive tension but fails
4. With German support,
Austria declares war on Serbia
5. Russia mobilizes; Germany
declares war on Russia (Aug 1st)
6. France supports Russia,
Germany declares war on
France (Aug 3rd)
7. Germany invades Belgium =
Britain declares war on
Germany (Aug 4th)
Events leading to War
Blank Check
6th of July in Berlin
Letter from
Germany – A-H
-Serbia is
responsible for
conflict
-- Germany will
support A-H no
matter what
Ultimatum
-On the 31st of
March 1909
-- A-H to Serbia
-- participation in
investigation of FF
death
-- censor the press,
get rid of military,
and juridical system
Serbia’s
Response
August 3rd
Serbia
– A-H
- Accept everything
except but wont
give over power of
gov’t to A-H
Willy - Nicky
August, 1st 1914
Tries to establish
peace/ solve
problems of Europe
… fails
Task:
1. Identify when your event occurred
2. Read the primary source associated with your event and answer the questions at the
bottom
3. Summarize your event for class discussion
Timeline
Tasks:
• Record the Events of WWI on your group timeline
(starting with the assassination of Franz
Ferdinand and ending with the entry of Italy into
the war)
• Read your assigned Event and Answer the
questions on a separate piece of paper
• Summarize your event on your group Timeline
and create a visual representation of the event
that explains how it led to WWI
• Explain your assigned event to your group
• Post your timeline and compare your answers
Timeline of Events
June 1914
1. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.
July 1914
2. Blank Check: Germany gave Austria-Hungary a “blank check”
3. Ultimatum: Austria-Hungary made demands to Serbia.
4. Serbia accepted most of the ultimatum, but rejected some parts.
5. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
6. Willy- Nicky telegraphs: telegraphs between Russia and Germany.
7. Mobilization: Russia and Germany get ready for war
August 1914
8. August 1stGermany declared war on Russia.
9. Russia called on France, its ally. France gave Russia a “blank check.”
10. Germany demanded that France back down.
11. August 3rd France refused to back down, so Germany declared war on France.
12. August 4th Germany’s Schlieffen Plan = Germany attacks France through Belgium.
13. England declared war on Germany
14. August 6th Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
October 1914
15. Ottomans joined the Central Powers
May 1915
16. Both alliances bargained with Italy, but Allies offer the sweeter deal
Vision of war vs. the
Reality of war
Questions:
In Quote 1 –
1. How do Europeans in this
quote respond to the
outbreak of war?
2. what reasons does the
author give for why
Europeans responded this
way?
3. In Quote 2 - how does the
author portray war and how
does he try to explain his
experience fighting?
• “There were parades in the street,
flags, ribbons, and music burst forth
everywhere, young recruits were
marching triumphantly, their faces
lighting up at the cheering…as
never before, thousands and
hundreds of thousands felt what
they should have felt in peace time,
that they belonged together.”
–
“The Rushing Feeling of Fraternity” Stefan Zweig
• "Bombardment, barrage, curtainfire, mines, gas, tanks, machineguns, hand-grenades--words,
words, words, but they hold the
horror of the world."
- Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet On The Western Front,
Mobilization for War
• How does Germany
prepare for war?
• How do the Europeans
(German and French)
feel about the coming of
war?
• Why do you think
Europeans (especially
Germans) thought that
this would be a quick
war? (‘over in 40 days’)
•
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE
Dochttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfehNhgytHg&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0kvczF1p04
Marne (1914)
Western Front
-Fought outside of Paris
-French and British troops vs. Germany
-Allied powers dig trenches (this is the beginning of the stalemate)
Tannenberg (1914)
Eastern Front
-Germany vs. Russia
-Fought just inside of Germany (Russia advanced early in war)
- Germany repulsed Russians and inflicted heavy casualties
-Russia begins a retreat that would last most of the war….
Gallipoli (1915-6)
-Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers
-Allies landed in the Dardanelles (connect with ally Russia), and can’t
get off the beached for 10 months! Very heavy casualties
- Ottomans cause Allies to retreat (more stress on Russia)
Somme & Verdun -Germany/ Allies wanted to break the stalemate
(1916) Western Front -Verdun: Massive German assault that lasted 11 months, 700,000
casualties
(Stalemate)
-Somme: massive English and French assault, 1 million casualties
-(both battles indecisive – nothing changes)
The Grand
Offensive (1918)
Battle of the
Argonne Forest
-Final Allied push, an attack on all parts of the Western Front (US has
joined)
-Allies were able to push back the Germans, who had low morale
-Led to Germany accepting an armistice – a cease fire
-http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html
Opening Clashes
Marne 1914
Western Front (France)
- Fought outside of Paris
- French and British troops
vs. Germany
- Allied powers dig trenches
(this is the beginning of the
stalemate)
Tannenberg 1914
Eastern Front (Russia)
- Germany vs. Russia
- Fought just inside of
Germany (Russia advanced
early in war)
- Germany repulsed Russians
and inflicted heavy casualties
- Russia begins a retreat that
would last most of the war….
Devastating Battles
Gallipoli (1915-6)
-Ottoman Empire joined the
Central Powers
-Allies landed in the
Dardanelles (connect with ally
Russia), and can’t get off the
beached for 10 months! Very
heavy casualties
- Ottomans cause Allies to
retreat (more stress on Russia)
Somme & Verdun (1916)
Western Front (Stalemate)
- Germany/ Allies wanted to
break the stalemate
- Verdun: Massive German
assault that lasted 11 months,
700,000 casualties
- Somme: massive English
and French assault, 1 million
casualties
- (both battles indecisive –
nothing changes)
Final Battle
The Grand Offensive (1918)
Battle of the Argonne Forest
- Final Allied push, an attack
on all parts of the Western
Front (US has joined)
- Allies were able to push
back the Germans, who had
low morale
- Led to Germany accepting an
armistice – a cease fire
Overcoming the stalemate with new ideas
(Weapons)
New(ish) technology and tactics
• Air: zeppelins, airplanesmainly used for
reconnaissance & bombing
supply lines
• Sea: steel battleships, cruisers,
u-boats; convoys; naval mines
• Land: tanks, siege howitzers,
machine guns, poison gas,
mortars, grenades
Battle front: Poems & literature from the War
Title of Poem:_____________________________
Author: _______________________________
Questions:
• Summarize your poem and paraphrase the
main idea: (What is the poem about)
• How does your poem portray warfare? (use
specific quotes or phrases to support your
answer)
The War on the Home front
1. What is the message
of this poster?
2. How is the US Food
administration trying
to persuade people to
believe in this
message?
– List specific details for
the poster as
evidence…
Not Just Weapons…
Censorship
A. many government made “agreements” w/ the press
to cover in positive ways
B. Mail was read and censored, especially if it was going
to the troops
Propaganda: spreading of ideas to promote a cause or
damage an opposing cause
Total war: shift all of a nation’s resources into war efforts
• Included changing civilian factories into military
factories
• Brought mechanical, civil, etc. engineers into the
military  led to war tech
• Unrestricted sub warfare: even attack civilian ships if
they help war effort
(Lusitania) – ‘civilian’ ship sunk by the Germans
Not Just Weapons
• Conscription: drafting
civilians into the military
– All nations involved had a
military draft
• Raised spending and taxes
to buy more war goods
– War (liberty) bonds: like an
IOU
1. government sold bonds
(slips of paper) to people
& companies
2. the government was
expected to repay this
money, plus interest/fee,
after a certain period
On The Home front
‘Propaganda’
Propaganda = the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or
damage an opposing cause
*purpose is to quickly persuade and advocate an agenda
• Elements of Propaganda –
– Imagery – appealing imagery (pictorial or descriptive)
– Repetition – a message must be continuously repeated so that
it will take hold in the collective consciousness
– Simplicity – message should be quickly understood (the
simple lie always conquers the complex truth)
– Sentiment – message must contain as little detail as possible
but should appeal to a strong emotion (ex: sympathy, anger,
pride, etc…)
• Quick Association –
what emotions or
terms do you link to
these images?
1. Imagery
What types of Imagery are used in
these posters?
• What is being repeated
in each of these ads?
2. Repetition
Quick read: What is message
of these ads?
3. Simplicity
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=MDUQW8LUMs8
What are the emotions that
each of these posters or ads
are evoking?
German Anti- Russian
Propaganda Poster
4. Sentiment
Analyze one of the following posters
Critically Examine Propaganda
• Title / words of Poster:
• Analysis of Poster:
– Use the chart below to list people, objects, and activities found in the cartoon
or picture:
• People/ Animals
Objects
Activities
– Write a brief description of the artwork:
– What is the message of this poster? Propaganda is the spreading of ideas to
promote a cause or damage an opposing cause
– How does your poster fulfill this description?
• On a separate piece of paper create your own propaganda poster. Make
sure that your poster includes a message (what do you what the viewer to
think or feel) and a specific topic (recruitment, war bonds, etc…).
US Involvement
America was hesitant
• Many German-Americans had sympathy
for Germany
• Irish-Americans did not want to join and
help the British
But…America joined the Allies for
numerous reasons
1. English-American connection existed
2. Germany’s unrestricted submarine
warfare killed American civilians
3. Zimmerman Note (1917)
• Germany wrote to Mexico – ‘fight US
and you can get Southwestern lands
back.’ *England intercepted and gave to
America, who joined the war
Ending the War
1. US involvement was a huge
morale boost
2. Germany was running out
of money and new recruits
(it was using 15 and 16 year
olds)
– Requested an armistice, or
break in fighting, on
November 11, 1918
3. Proposed peace
agreements (Wilson’s 14
points and The Treaty of
Versailles)
Effects of the War on the landscape of Europe
•
As you view the following pictures answer the questions at the top of your paper:
Questions
• Why is it significant that major civic buildings such as the Courthouse, cathedral, and City Hall (Hotel de Ville)
were destroyed?
• Imagine the same destruction happened to your community. Would (how could) the community ever really
recover from such destruction?
• What happened to the land surrounding the villages where battles took place? What was this land used for
prior to the war?
• Describe what you see in the images of battlefields. Include reflections on the land, plants, animals, etc.
• What might France’s biggest goals be during the peace talks after World War I?
–
–
–
a. What might France fear?
b. What would France probably want with respect to Germany? Why?
c. Would those desires be reasonable? Why or why not?
The Effects of World War 1
• Trench Warfare
The Effects of
World War 1
• Town Hall of
Arras, France
(15th century)
The Effects of
World War 1
Cathedral of
Arras, France
1,200 square kilometres
(460 sq mi) of land in
northeastern France that
was physically and
environmentally destroyed
during the First World War.
Because of hundreds of
thousands of human and
animal corpses and
millions of unexploded
ordnance that
contaminated the land,
some activities in the area
such as housing, farming or
forestry, were temporarily
or permanently forbidden
after the war by French
law.
Some towns were never
permitted to be rebuilt.
The Zone Rouge (the
Red Zone)
Restrictions in the zone rouge still exist today
although the controlled areas have been
greatly reduced.
The Effects of
World War 1
• Before and After
picture Dinant,
Belgium
The Effects of
World War 1
• Before and After
picture Ypres
1915 the city of Ypres from above
The Effects of • Before and After picture Verdun
World War 1
The Effects of • Before and After picture Ypres
World War 1
World War 1 Trenches today
Over 90 years later, trench
outlines can still be seen in
northern France. Shell
fragments, grenades, etc. are
plowed up every year.
Civilians as Casualties of War
World War 1 saw an unprecedented
number of civilian casualties
• Examples:
– Armenian Genocide
• The Ottoman Empire
‘deported’ 2 million
Armenians – 1-1.5 million
were killed or starved in
Concentration camps.
• One of the first modern
large scale, systematic,
and plan killing of a ethnic
group of people
Of this photo, the United States ambassador
wrote,“ Scenes like this were common all over
the Armenian provinces, in the spring and
summer months of 1915. Death in its several
forms—massacre, starvation, exhaustion—
destroyed the larger part of the refugees. The
Turkish policy was that of extermination under
the guise of deportation."
Civilians as
Casualties of War
• Deaths by alliance
and military/civilian.
Most of the civilian
deaths were due to
war-related famine.
Indirect Effects from the War
• Influenza Epidemic:
– Spring of 1918 a new flu strain
mutates and kills between 50 –
100 million people worldwide
– Killed mostly young adults (220% of these infected died),
27% (500 million people) of
world infected
– World War I did not cause the
flu, but the close troop
quarters and massive troop
movements hastened the
pandemic.
• probably both increased
transmission, augmented
mutation b/c of increased travel
Soldiers and sailors among the first
hit with the virus.
Casualties
Effects of World War 1
• Questions:
• Which countries had less than
10% casualties? Which countries
had above 70% casualties?
• How many total deaths did the
Central Powers incur? The Allies?
• Which Allied Power had the
highest casualty percentage? The
most soldiers killed?
• Using your prior knowledge from
this unit, what helps to explain
the high casualty figures for
France and Russia, in particular?
• How do you come to terms with
losing millions of your citizens to
war?
World War 1 Memorials
Gravestones at the Tyne Cot World
War 1 Memorial (Belgium)
Write a Paragraph answering the following question:
How did World War 1 Change Warfare?
Give Specific Examples for each…
Battle Front
• Tactic of the war?
– Use specific battles as
examples
• Effect of these tactics?
Home Front
• How did civilians become
engaged in the war effort?
– Use specific examples in your
answer
Finding Peace
• Team up with two other students. One student will pretend to be France,
one will be America, and one will be Germany. Based on your knowledge
from this unit and the nationalism unit, each of you should write out a list
of 2-5 of what you believe would be the most important postwar goals for
your country.
• Once all three members have drawn up the list of their goals, they should
come together as a group. Discuss the different goals that each of you has
and attempt to negotiate an agreement. Write up the list of 2-5 terms for
the treaty that your group ultimately agrees upon.
• Share your results. Were there any common goals in your group? Were
there any directly conflicting goals? Were compromises made? Which
country was most pleased with how the negotiations turned out? Most
displeased? On balance, did each country feel it had achieved its most
important goal? Were there any particular impasses or impediments to
agreements?
Immediate Effects
1. A generation of Europeans are
killed or wounded
2. Dynasties fall in Germany,
Austria- Hungary, and Russia
3. New Countries are Created
4. The League of Nations is
established to help promote peace
Long-Term Effects
1. Many nations feel bitter and betrayed by the peace
settlements
2. Problems that helped cause the war – nationalism,
competition - remain
Finding Peace
Postwar Goals
Based on your prior knowledge what do you think the postwar goals of the following
countries will be?
The United States
France
Germany
If all of these countries have different goals… how can a lasting peace be reached?
Wilson’s 14 Points
Treaty of Versailles
(proposed peace)
(actual peace)
Overall goal -
Overall goal –
Wilson’s 14 Points
Treaty of Versailles
(proposed peace)
(actual peace)
Blame for the war – nobody is
blamed
How to rebuild- independent states,
but unclear , Allow countries and
colonies self-determination
Germany – the german army
removed from russia… treated as
an equal, (Rebuild Europe together)
Land Changes – Germany was
removed from Russia, Italy’s border
was nationally recognized,
independent nations developed
How to preserve the peace – opened
seas, end secret treaties &
established the League of Nations
Overall goal - Peace
Blame – Germany
Rebuild – Germany has to pay for
the rebuilding of Europe
(reparations - $30 billion)
Germany – punished for their
involvement in the war (Germany
gave up land & colonies)
Land Changes – 5 independent
nations, A-H dissolved, nations
based on ethnic groups formed,
winner keep colonies
Peace – demilitarized Germany &
established the World Court, League
of Nations
Overall goal – Revenge
Write a paragraph with at least two
clearly stated supporting arguments
Did the Treaty of Versailles help end tensions
or make tensions worse in a post-WWI
Europe and Asia?
“Vengeance! German people! Today
The following quote is from a German the shameful peace has been signed in the
newspaper the day the Treaty of
Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. Forget it not!
Versailles was signed.
There where, in the glorious year 1871, the
How did Germans view the glorious German Reich was reborn in its
Treaty of Versailles?
ancient splendour, there German honour is
today interred (buried). Forget it not! By
– What excerpt from the
quote can you use to
labour without relaxation and without
support your answer?
flagging the German people will reconquer
If the treaty was such an
the place which is their due among the
disgrace why didn’t
nations! Therefore, revenge for the
Germany go back to war? ignominy (disgrace) of 1919!”
Germany After the War
•
1.
2.
–
Consider the effects of
WWI that we examined
yesterday.
3. What did the Allies (France
and England in particular)
want when writing the
Treaty of Versailles? Does
this quote suggest they
achieved their goal?
- The Deutsche Zeitung, June 28, 1919
Germany 1918 – Statistics from the War
-523,000 civilians dead (250,000 more after
the armistice from starvation)
-1.7 million dead, 4.2 million wounded soldiers
- Owed 132 billion German marks [$400 billion
today] in reparations
1922 – Lenin
established the Union
of Soviet Socialist
Republics under the
control of the
Communist Party
1929 – Stalin
became the
sole ruler
of the USSR
and created a
totalitarian state
1900 – Tsar
Nicholas II
ruled over the
Russian
Empire with
absolute power
1904 – Russia suffered
humiliating defeats
in a war against Japan
which led to protests and
calls for reform
1918 - 1921 –
Bolsheviks (Reds)
fought and won a civil
war against the White
armies
Nov 1917 – Lenin
and the Bolsheviks
took control in
Petrograd and
ended the republic
1905 – After Bloody
Sunday, Nicholas II
agreed to allow a
Duma, or legislature
for the people
March 1917 –
Revolts in Petrograd
forced the Tsar
to abdicate and a
provisional republic
was established
1914 – Russia entered
WWI and quickly
suffered heavy losses
in major defeats to
Germany along the
Eastern Front.
Street demonstration, Petrograd, 18 June 1917. The banner in the foreground
reads "Down With The 10 Capitalist Ministers/ All Power To The Soviets Of
Workers', Soldiers', And Peasants' Deputies/ And To The Socialist Ministers/
[We Demand That Nicholas II Be Transferred To The Peter-Paul Fortress."
Petrograd, 4 July 1917. Street demonstration on Nevsky Prospekt just after
troops of the Provisional Government have opened fire with machine guns.
Much-publicized ‘photo’ purporting to show the storming of the
Winter Palace, October 1917 by Bolshevik troops
What are the causes of the Russian
Revolution?
Why was Russia such a hard country to rule in 1900?
Why did a series of Revolutions begin in Russia?
Russia 1900-1924
Russia:
•6.5 million sq mi. – 1.8 times the size of
the US
•11 different time zones.
•Beyond the Ural Mountains, Russia
was a wild place with frontier
settlements.
•150 million people but 50% were
not ethnic Russians, (Ukrainians,
Poles, Armenians, etc..)
•Petrograd and Moscow undergo
industrialization but majority of
country Rural farmland.
•The factory workers lived in
filthy, crowded, disease-ridden
dormitories near the cities.
•Peasants lived in wood and straw
houses, slept on beds of straw and
wore coarse woollen shirts. The
poorest had sandals made of tree
bark.
An overview
Population
-4 out of 5 Russians were
peasants. They had a hard
life and there was often
starvation and disease.
-Nobles made up 1% of the
population but owned
almost 25% of the land.
-If peasants protested
(for example during
famines), the Tsar would
use his feared Cossack
soldiers against them.
Siberia
Extremely cold (up to –60 degrees C). Very large.
Huge natural resources but very small population. The
rulers of Russia traditionally sent any person who
opposed them to Siberia.
How does WWI make it even harder to
Rule Russia?
Russia suffered over 9 million total casualties
during the war.
During the attempted invasion of Germany
early in the war Russia lost almost a quarter of
a million men. During one part of the battle the
Second Army was surrounded and only 10,000
of the 150,000 Russian soldiers managed to
escape. The General of the 2nd Army was so
shocked by the outcome he committed suicide.
Russia’s less developed industrial base and
ineffective military leadership led to defeat
after defeat causing the Russian army to
retreat into Russia territory by 1915. Russia's
poor roads and railways made the effective
deployment of these soldiers difficult.
Back to the
Russia map
Attributes of a Great Tsar (Leader)
Was Nicholas II a good ruler of Russia?
Against
For
Sources:
Sources:
Was Nicholas II a good ruler of Russia?
Against
For
Sources:
Sources:
-- Kind and religious-5
-Trained as a soldier-9
-Quick minded-6
-Fam man -7
-Loved his country and
served it well-12
-No patience (1)
-No opinion-4
-Unprepared-11
-Puts fam on top-8
-Does not get positive
traits-2
-Used violence-8
-No knowledge of
politics-11
-Can’t make up his mind

Russian Revolution
• How did World War 1 help cause the Russian
Revolution?
- Russia entered the WWI with the largest army in the world, when fully mobilized
the Russian army stood at over 5 million soldiers (though at the outset of war Russia
could not arm all its soldiers, having only 4.6 million rifles).
- Russia suffered over 9 million casualties during the war. Nearly 4 million Russian
soldiers were held as POWs
-Economically Russia was 8 Trillion Rubles in debt and inflation soared.
- In 1916, food prices accelerated and many workers could no longer afford grain for
bread.
•
Poster 1
1. What does this poster suggest is the key to a Russian victory in WWI?
• Poster 2
2. In this poster Russia cavalry charges the German Kaiser. From the facts on the right is this
portrayal of the Russian Army accurate?
- Use a statistic or quote from the facts to prove how either one of this posters is a pieces of
propaganda and does not show a the reality of Russia at War. Explain your answer
Poster 1
Propaganda vs.
Reality
How do these pieces of
Propaganda portray
The Russian war effort?
Poster 2
Joseph Stalin
The man and the myth
The Myth
Reality
• http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=gSW2sRKgLwo
Russia under Communism
• 1918 onwards: The
Communists change
Russia. For example,
some Russians get
electricity for the 1st
time.
• 1926: Stalin comes to
power. Huge statues of
him are put up, leading
his people to victory!
Summarizing Sentences
1. Russia under the Tsar (during WWI) -
2. Russia under Communist Rule -
Russia
Enters
WWI
The March
Revolution
causes tsar to
abdicate
Nicholas II
goes to the
front,
Rasputin
influences
tsarina
Rasputin
killed in
Dec
1914
1915
1916
Lenin’s forces
overthrow the
gov’t in the
November
Revolution
1917
March –
Russia withdraws
from WWI (before
general armistice)
July –
Communists
kill the tsar
and his family
1918
Communists
win civil war –
USSR
established
Communists
set up forced
labor camps
1919
1920
Poster requirements:
1.
Write a thesis that makes an argument in response to the question:
“Was the Treaty of Versailles an effective peace agreement.” (did it
help end tensions or make tensions worse in a post-WWI Europe and
Asia)
–
2.
3.
4.
You should use information from WWI readings and primary sources. This
should be a paragraph with at least two clearly stated supporting arguments.
Follow the rules for a good introduction paragraph.
Write a paragraph or create a visual with a strong caption that
demonstrates the terms or sentiments of the treaty. Make sure you
connect this segment of the poster back to your thesis statement.
Create a visual that demonstrates the short term effects of the treaty
on (at least) the following countries: Germany, Austria-Hungary, England,
France. Connect these effects back to the thesis statement with a
strongly worded caption.
Create a visual that demonstrates the long term effects of the treaty on
(at least) the following countries: Germany, Italy, Japan, America.
Connect these effects back to the thesis statement with a strong caption.