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Taxonomy
&
Classification
Why Classify?
Biologists have identified and
named about 1.5 million
species so far. They estimate
that anywhere between 2 and
100 million additional species
have yet to be discovered.
Example: Modern Humans
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primates
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
sapiens
Taxonomy
Naming and Grouping organisms
into a logical manner.
Carolus Linnaeus developed a twoword naming system called
binomial nomenclature.
In binomial nomenclature, each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name.
The scientific name is always written in
italics. The first word is capitalized, and the
second word is lowercased.
Genus and Species
The first part of the scientific name the
genus to which the organism belongs. The
second part of a scientific name unique
to each species within the genus.
A genus is a group of closely related
species.
A species is a group of organisms able to
produce fertile offspring.
Linnaeus's System of
Classification
Linnaeus's system of classification
includes seven levels.
They are - from smallest to largest –
species, genus, family, order,
class, phylum, and kingdom.
Modern Evolutionary Classification
Today Biologists use evolutionary
trends to classify organisms.
Grouping and order are determined by
common decent and strong evidence
based on genetics. This type of
classification study is called
phylogeny.
Domains and Kingdoms
Domains are more inclusive than
kingdoms and therefore larger. There
are three domains. There are sixkingdoms
The six-kingdom system of
classification includes the kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Domain Bacteria
The members of
the domain
bacteria are
unicellular and
prokaryotic.
This domain
consists of one
kingdom,
Eubacteria.
Domain Archaea
Also unicellular and
prokaryotic, members of the
domain Archaea live in
some of the most extreme
environments you can
imagine—volcanic hot
springs, brine pools, and
black organic mud totally
devoid of oxygen. This
domain consists of one
kingdom, Archaebacteria.
Domain Eukarya
• Contain all other
Kingdoms whose
organism’s
common
characteristic are
that they contain
membrane bound
organelles.
Kingdom Characteristics
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria (Monerans)
* single-celled
* have no organelles
* some able to move * have no nucleus
* have a cell wall
Protista
* single-celled
* usually no cell wall
* have organelles including a nucleus
* usually move by cilia, flagella, or by
amoeboid motion
Kingdom Characteristics
Fungi
* Multicellular
* organelles & nucleus
Plantae
* multicellular
* organelles & nucleus
* most don't move
* has a cell wall
* do not move
* has a cell wall
* Photosynthetic
Kingdom Characteristics
Animalia
* multicellular
* move with the aid of cilia, flagella,
or muscular organs
* organelles including a nucleus
* no cell walls