Download Population and Urbanization

Population and Urbanization
By: Kalvin, Lucas, Xavier, and Liz
Population Definitions
Population is the number of people living in any given
area in a particular time.
Demography is the area of sociology devoted to the
study of human populations.
Demographers commonly measure birthrate,
deathrate, infant mortality rates and migration rate to
better calculate life expectancy
Life expectancy refers to the average lifespan of a
person in a given society.
Measuring Birthrate
Birthrate is the mesure most often used to describe
births in a population
Measuring birthrate allows scientists to compare and
analyze the birthrates of various societies
Birthrate measures the annual number of live births
per 1,000 members of the population
Birthrate = (Live births/Total population) x 1,0000
Measuring Deathrate
Deathrate measures morality, or the number of deaths
within a society.
Deathrate is the way demographers describe deaths in a
population per 1,000 members of a population
Deathrate = (Deaths/Total population) x 1,000
Infant Mortality
Infant mortality is more common among
underindustrialized societies
Infant mortality is the annual number of deaths among
infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate = (deaths among infants/Total live births) x 1,000
Migration Rate
Migration is the movement of people from one specified
area to another.
When measuring migration, demographers look at both
movement into and out of a specified area.
The annual number of people that move into a given area is
refered to as the in-migration rate.
The annual number of people that move out of a given area
is refered to as the out-migration rate (push and pull factors)
Migration rate is the diffrence between the in-migration rate
and the out-migration rate.
Growth Rate
Growth Rate is the rate at which a country‘s
population is increasing.
Growth rate is found by subtracting the deathrate from
the birthrate and is usually expressed in a percentage
Doubeling time is the average number of years
necessary for a population to double given its current
growth rate.
Growth Rate and Doubling Time
Population Composition
Population composition is the population‘s structure
Explaining Population Change
Malthusian Theory is a theory where population
increases geometrically and the food supply increases
arithmetically.
With limited land supply for food the rapid population
growth would lead to mass starvation (too many people
not enough food)
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) was an English
economist who proposed the Malthusian theory in his
work, An Essay on the Principle of Population
Demographic Translation Theory
The Demographic Translation Theory is a theory of
population where population patterns are said to be
tied to a society‘s level of technalogical development
Three stages of population
Stage 1 (preindustrial) agricultural based societies
High birthrate + high death rate = Slow population growth
Stage 2 (industrialized) technalogical and medical
advancments
High birthrate + Low death rate – Rapid population growth
Stage 3 fully developed industrial economies
Low birthrate + low death rate = Slow population growth
Controlling Population Growth
99% of population growth occures in less developed
countries
Family planning is the concious decision by couples to
have a certain number of children
Child restrictions- in certain countries, overpopulation
is a serious threat, China for example had enacted a
long standing one-child policy to better control
population growth
Evolution of the City
Recognizable cities began appearing between 5,500 and 7,000
years ago
Currently 48% of the world population lives in cities due to
multiple push and pull factors
The largest influxes of city populstions happen around
Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions
At the current tred an estimated 60% of people will live in urban
areas by 2030
Overurbanization is a serious issue in cities, overurbanization is
when more people occupy a city then can be supported, best
example is during the Great depression
Urban Ecology
During the 1920s and 1930s, sociologists intrested in
urban life developed an approach to the study of cities
Urban ecology looks at the relationship between
people and the urban enviroment
Urban ecologists believe that there is a relationshi
between human behavior and the layout of the urban
environment
Think of people that live in New York City vs. people that
live in small towns (under 50,000)
Urban Ecology cont.
Urban areas develop in certain patterns and layouts
The Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Explaining City Life
Urban Anomie theory proposes that a city is a anonymous
and unfriendly olace, and living there will carries serious
negative consequences
Proposed by Louis Wirth in, ‘‘Urbanism is a Way of Life“
Compositional Theory examines how a cities population
influences life in cities, individuals are avle to protect
themselves by forming primary groups with like people
Proposed by Claude S. Fischer in, To Dwell Among Friends
Subcultural Theory states that cities encourage the
formation of primary grops rather then discourage it
Movie!!!
‘‘Aftermath: Population Zero“
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/aftermathpopulation-zero/
‘‘How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth?“
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/how-many-peoplecan-live-on-planet-earth/