Download Pop Quiz! - AP Biology with Ms. Costigan

Pop Quiz!
4. Which of the following
statements concerning
fertilization in ferns is true?
• a. It occurs within the female
structure.
• b. It requires water.
• c. The fertilization product is a
seed.
• d. It occurs within the female
structure; and It requires
water.
• e. It occurs within the female
structure; It requires water;
and the fertilization product is
a seed.
5. Gametophytes are
• a. haploid plants that
produce spores.
• b. diploid plants that
produce spores.
• c. haploid plants that
produce gametes.
• d. diploid plants that
produce gametes.
• e. diploid or haploid plants
that produce gametes.
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6. Alternation of generations refers to the
• a. expression of recessive traits.
• b. presence of a diploid and a haploid generation in
the life cycle of plants.
• c. presence of the different sexes in two different
plants.
• d. occurrence of a sexually reproducing diploid
stage followed by an asexually reproducing haploid
stage during the life cycle of higher plants.
PLANTS!
Reproduction Part 2 (lecture 16)
(Gymnosperms & Angiosperms)
First Seed Plants
• Gymnosperm: conifers
– vascular
– heterospory
• male vs. female gametophytes
– seeds
• naked seeds (no fruit)
– pollen
• contain male gametophyte
– life cycle dominated by sporophyte stage
• coniferous trees you are familiar with are diploid
• reduced (microscopic) gametophyte
• reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg & embryo
in protective sporophyte
– protected from drought & UV radiation
Pollen
• Pollen eliminated
the water
requirement for
fertilization
– spread through
wind & animal
Ragweed pollen…oh my
itchy eyes!
sporangium & pollen
male
male (pollen) cones
female
female cones
pine embryo
Gymnosperm Life Cycle
First Flowering Plants
• Angiosperm: flowering plants
– vascular
– heterospory
• male vs. female gametophytes
– flower
• specialized structure for sexual reproduction
– seeds within fruit
– pollen
– life cycle dominated by
sporophyte stage
• trees & bushes you are familiar
with are diploid
• reduced (microscopic)
gametophyte
Flower
• Modified shoot, modified leaves
• Male
– sepals
– petals
– Stamens
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Anther
Stamen
Filament
• Filament
& anther
• Female
sepals
petals
stamens
– Carpel
• Stigma,
style, &
ovary
Petal
carpel
Ovule
Sepal
Carpel
Flowering Plant Pollination
• Pollination – transfer of pollen
from the anther to a stigma
– If pollination occurs, a pollen tube
forms
– The pollen tube transfers sperm to
the ovule which will result in a
zygote (new plant) and a 3n
(triploid) nucleus that will form
endosperm
• Endosperm is the nutrient storing
tissue in a seed
Seed & Plant Embryo
• Seed offers…
– protection for
embryo
– stored nutrients for
growth of embryo
cotyledons = “seed” leaves,
first leaves of new plant
endosperm
(3n)
cotyledons
embryo (2n)
seed coat
Double Fertilization
•
Remember: 3 Features of the Angiosperm Cycle
–
•
Flowers, Fruits, & Double Fertilization
The Process:
–
–
–
–
–
Pollination (pollen grain lands on stigma)
Tube Nucleus (pollen tube produced down the style)
Generative Nucleus (2 sperm form by mitosis)
Enters ovary through micropyle
1 sperm fertilizes haploid egg to form zygote; other
sperm combines with 2 polar nuclei to form 3n
endosperm (food-storing tissue)
polar
nuclei
Angiosperm Life Cycle
male gametophyte =
pollen grain (haploid)
dehiscence
pollen
grains
egg
cell
ovary sac
sperm nuclei travel
down pollen tube
3n endosperm
female gametophyte =
ovary sac (haploid)
2n zygote
double
fertilization
2n embryo
new sporophyte
in seed (diploid)
Monocots & Dicots
• Angiosperm are divided into 2 classes
– dicots (eudicot)
• 2 cotyledons (seed leaves)
• leaves with network of veins
• woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans
– monocots
• 1 cotyledon
• leaves with parallel veins
• grasses, palms, lilies
Pop Quiz!
1. The heterosporous condition led to evolution of
•a. gymnosperms and angiosperms.
•b. pollen grains and seeds.
•c. male and female plant parts.
•d. pollen grains and seeds in male and female plant
parts.
•e. gymnosperms and angiosperms which bear pollen
grains and seeds in male and female plant parts.
Pop Quiz!
2. Which of the following
produces no seeds?
• a.Cycads
• b.Conifers
• c.Horsetails
• d.Ginkgos
• e.Tomato
3. Microspores mature
into
• a.ovules.
• b.seeds.
• c.pollen grains.
• d.anthers.
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• 4. Gymnosperms
– a. were the first plants not to have swimming
sperm and were therefore freed from the need
for water to reproduce.
– b. are divided into two groups, the monocots
and dicots.
– c. were the first plants to develop vascular
tissues.
– d. were the first plants to develop flowers to
attract insects.
Pop Quiz!
• 5. Which of the following statements about
pine cones is correct?
– a. Cones are exclusively female structures.
– b. Cones are the result of pollination.
– c. One type of cone produces microspores.
– d. Seeds are enclosed in cones.
– e. One type of cone produces microspores; and
seeds are enclosed in cones.