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RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT
IN N. IRELAND- THE JOURNEY SO FAR
Joint NOTA Northern Ireland & Republic of Ireland Conference
Friday 28th April 2017
Stephen Sherry
Principal Officer for Public Protection
1
Sex Offending & Violent
Offending in Context
2
NORTHERN IRELAND
Population 1.8 Million
(NI Statistics 2011)
COLERAINE
BELFAST
DERRY
BALLYMENA
COOKSTOWN
A
ENNISKILLEN
NEWRY
3
Of Crimes Reported to the Police
in Northern Ireland (08/09)
1.7 % are Sex Offences
Sexual Offences
Only a small percentage of those
cases that are reported result
in successful prosecution
(19.2%)
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Violent Offences
A larger percentage of those
cases that are reported result in
successful prosecution
(27.9%)
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 It is believed that up to 80% of Sex Offending
in Northern Ireland is not reported to the
police
 The unreported figure relating to violence
against children, vulnerable adults and
violence in domestic circumstances is also
believed to be very high.
6
Public concerns about sex offenders
living or working in the community had
been heightened considerably following
high profile media coverage of the
Kincora Enquiry in 1982
(DHSS 1982, Moore 1996)
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
This was further exasperated by the media coverage of
further cases

Martin Huston Enquiry
(DHSS ‘Abuse of Trust’, 1993)
 Fr Brendan Smyth Enquiry
(Ferguson, 1995; Moore, 1995)
 This popular focus led to a multi-agency conference entitled
‘No Hiding Place’
being held in 1997
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Legislative Provisions
Part 1 of
The Sex Offenders Act 1997
The Act stipulated that certain categories
of sex offenders must register
their name and address with police for
a period of time dictated by the sentence
imposed,
failure to comply =Criminal Offence.
9
History
Multi-Agency Sex Offender Risk
Assessment and Management (MASRAM)
to
Public Protection Arrangements Northern
Ireland (PPANI)
10
The Multi-Agency Sex Offender
Risk Assessment and Management
(MASRAM) Arrangements
MASRAM Arrangements were launched
on
1st September 2001
11
Multi Agency Sex Offender
Risk Assessment & Management
(MASRAM)
depends very much on
the co-operation of the relevant agencies,
Police, Probation, Prison, Housing,
Health & Social Services and the
Voluntary Sector.
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In 2002, due to public concern,
the British Home Office
issued proposals to strengthen protection
against sex offenders and
to reform the law on sex offences
‘PROTECTING THE PUBLIC’
(Home Office, 2002)
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Result
The Sexual Offences Act 2003
(Part 2 was extended to Northern Ireland
with effect
from 1st May 2004)
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Following an inspection by the Criminal Justice
Inspection NI and a review of the
tragic circumstances surrounding the
death of Attracta Harron Government
promised to put the arrangements on a
statutory footing, extend the provisions to
violent offenders and to provide additional risk
management provisions.
15
The agencies were again tasked with the
development of Public Protection
Arrangements that would extend MASRAM to
include:
defined groups of Violent Offenders
and to persons not yet convictedPotentially Dangerous Persons
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Risk Management
Risk Management Plan should contain:
• ENFORCEMENT measures to restrict behaviour –
often through Court Orders and Licences
• ENCOURAGEMENT measures to change behaviour
and attitude
– accredited programmes
– alcohol and substance abuse
– improving employability
– assisting with accommodation
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The Public Protection Arrangements
Northern Ireland
(PPANI)
Implemented October 2008
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Legislative Structure
Criminal Justice (NI) Order 2008
Secretary of State’s Guidance
Manual of Practice
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Organisational Structure
Strategy and Policy PPANI Strategic Management Board (PPANI SMB)
Operational Delivery
Local Area Public Protection Panel (LAPPP)
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Local Area Public Protection Panel
(LAPPP)
The operation body tasked with two duties:
1. Multi-Agency Assessment of all relevant
Offenders
2. Development of appropriate risk management
plans for those assessed as Category 2 or 3 risk
of serious harm
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Persons Subject to PPANI
A
Persons who are subject to the
notification requirements
of Part 2 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003
or
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who have been convicted of a sexual offence
or sexually motivated offence and are not
subject
to the notification requirements of
Part 2 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003,
but
about whom there are current significant
concerns
23
Persons Subject to PPANI
B
Persons who have from 6.10.2008 been convicted of
a violent offence (including homicide) against a child
or vulnerable adult; or who have a previous
conviction for a violent offence against a child or
vulnerable adult and about whom there are current
significant concerns.
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Persons Subject to PPANI
C
Persons who from 1.4.2010 have been convicted
of a violent offence (including homicide) in domestic
or family circumstances; or who have
a previous conviction for a violent offence in domestic
or family circumstances and about whom there
are current significant concerns.
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Persons Subject to PPANI
D
Persons who from 1.9.2011 have been convicted
of a violent offence (including homicide) where the
offence has been aggravated by hostility and for
which the person received an enhanced sentence.
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Persons Subject to PPANI
E
Persons subject to a Risk of Sexual
Harm Order
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Children and Young Persons
Children and Young Persons (under 18 years)
should not
be subject to PPANI but will remain the responsibility
of the present social services child protection and
children in need arrangements, as set out in the
current ACPC Regional Policy and Procedures and Cooperating to Safeguard Guidance
However there are exceptions
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Criminal Records Office
Convicted of relevant offences
11,515
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Police – Registration data
Required to notify as at
1st October 2006
686
In Prison 149
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Police – Registration Data
Persons required to notify as at
1st April 2010
1212 Male
20 Female
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Current Statistics of persons subject to PPANI
Total
Prison
Community
Category 1
1290
5
1239
Category 2
150
61
89
Category 3
21
14
7
Category P
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5
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As of March 2017
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Sexual Offences
Of the 105,023 crimes Reported to the PSNI during
2015/2016
3,037 were Sexual Offences (including 780 Rapes)
(3,037 of 105,023)
(PSNI’s Annual Crime Statistics 2015/2016)
33
Domestic Abuse
Of the 105,023 crimes Reported to the PSNI during
2015/2016
14,073 related to Domestic Abuse
(14,073 of 105,023)
(PSNI’s Annual Crime Statistics 2015/2016)
34
Three Generations of Assessment

First Generation – Clinical Judgement
 Second Generation – Actuarial Assessment
 Third Generation – Dynamic Assessment
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The Harris Model of Dynamic Risk
Assessment & Supervision was piloted for
a period of 12 months from 1 June 2007
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Key Recommendations
 The Harris Stable & Acute Model should be endorsed in line
with the new Public Protection Arrangements N. Ireland
 RM2000 & SA07 should be used by LAPPP’s to identify
highest risk offenders
 Public Protection Agencies to agree roles in Stable & Acute
for LAPPP’s
 NIPS to clarify the operation of SA07 in prison setting
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 Only trained and accredited staff to use SA07
within PPANI
 All-Ireland Working Group for SA07 to
continue and link to research project
North/South
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Implementation 2009
Strategic Management Board endorsed the
implementation of the Harris Stable &
Acute Model
under the management of the Advisory
Group
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RISK ASSESSMENT
The risk posed by individual
Offenders
will be assessed:
First by police using the Risk Matrix 2000
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Secondly by
Dynamic Risk Assessment
Stable and Acute 2007
Carried out by the DRM for the multi-agency
Local Area Public Protection Panel
(LAPPP)
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Category 1
“Someone whose previous offending
and/or current behaviour and/or current
circumstances present little evidence that
they could cause serious harm through
carrying out a contact sexual or violent
offence.”
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Those placed into Category 1
following assessment will
be referred back to the agency with
a lead responsibility for the
management of any identified risks
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Category 2
“Someone whose previous offending,
and/or current behaviour
and/or current circumstances present
clear and identifiable evidence that they
could cause serious harm through carrying
out a contact sexual or violent offence.”
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Persons assessed as posing Category 2
risk will be subject to a
multi-agency risk management plan
overseen by an appointed
Designated Risk Manager
Category 2 offenders are generally
Managed by the Public Protection
Units ( PPU)
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Category 3
“Someone whose previous offending,
and/or current behaviour
and/or current circumstances present clear and
identifiable evidence that they
are highly likely to cause serious harm through
carrying out a contact sexual or violent offence
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Those assessed as fitting the definition
of Category 3 will be subject to
a risk management plan
delivered by the
Co-located Public Protection Team (PPT)
This team comprises of PSNI, PBNI and
Social Services and is based at
Seapark
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PPANI Disclosure
• As part of PPANI disclosure procedures are a vital
tool in risk management.
• Offenders are encouraged to disclose offending
where appropriate and allow this to be verified.
• If they refuse or it can’t be verified then existing
agency powers (e.g. child protection under Social
Services) will be used.
• If no power exists then a PPANI disclosure
application is completed by the Agencies , legal
advice sought, and a decision made by a
Superintendent in PSNI Public Protection Branch.
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Child Protection Disclosure
Arrangements
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Background to Scheme
•1st July 2000, Sarah Payne 8 years reported missing
whilst playing near her grandparents home in Surrey
•17th July 2000, her body was found 15 miles away
from where she had been playing
•12th December 2001, Roy Whiting was convicted of
her abduction and murder.
•Whiting had a previous conviction re abduction and
sexual assault or another 8 year old girl.
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• Sarah’s mother campaigned in support of
bringing a scheme to UK similar to “Megan’s
Law” in US, allowing sharing of information to
protect children from dangerous offenders.
• The scheme commenced in GB in April 2011
• The Northern Ireland version contained in the
2015 Justice Act commenced on 14th March
2016 building on the existing disclosure
system already incorporated in the Public
Protection Arrangements Northern Ireland
(PPANI)
51
Violent Offences Prevention Orders
(VOPOs)
• Violent Offences Prevention Orders (VOPOs) were
introduced on 1st December 2016
• Previously a mechanism did not exist to manage
the risk posed by violent offenders not subject to
licence / community supervision
• VOPOs operate in a similar way to Sexual Offences
Prevention Orders (SOPOs) i.e. they place
restrictions on violent offenders e.g. specify where
the offender can reside or require an offender to
do something e.g. engage with treatment
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VOPOs Contd.
• A VOPO can remain in force for 5 years
• VOPOs can be applied for by PSNI at the point of
sentence or retrospectively
• Offenders subject to VOPOs are required to notify
PSNI of their address
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Changes To Date
1. The number of Trust areas have reduced- from 18
to 5
2. The Police Public Protection Units have realigned
themselves to fit with the trust areas
3. Human Sexuality Training
4. Joint Working with the ROI regarding joint SA07
training and identification of future training needs
5. The use of SA07 at PSR stage
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Changes to Date
1. Continued Joint Working with the All-Ireland SA07
Working Group
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Challenges
 Strategic perspective- its about evidencing effectiveness




of how we manage risk here in N.Ireland
Developing ‘desistance’ amongst individuals who
sexually offend
Engagement with the public / communities to provide
reassurance re management of sexual offenders and
promote knowledge/confidence
Resourcing the management of our most risky
individuals
Balancing the rights of the offender V the need for
public protection
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Thank You
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