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Transcript
Lab #3 – Synchronous Motor ECE 325 - Electric Energy System Components Instructor: Dr. Kai Sun Lab TA’s: Denis Osipov and Wenyun Ju Objective: The objective of this lab is to examine the terminal characteristics of a synchronous motor under load and no-load conditions. Pre-lab: 1. What is an important feature of synchronous motors? 2. Draw an equivalent circuit model for a synchronous motor. Show Ef, Xs, Ra, Ia, Vt, If, and the field winding. 3. Describe the open-circuit test. What is measured? What is varied? Sketch the circuit. 4. Describe the short-circuit test. What is measured? What is varied? Sketch the circuit. 5. Sketch an open-circuit characteristic and a short-circuit characteristic. Show Ia (rated), Vt (rated), and a modified are gap line. Lab Exercise: Part A The open-circuit and short-circuit tests will be performed to determine values for Xs and K, using the synchronous machine as a generator. Procedure: 1. Connect the DC machine as a self excited shunt generator as shown in Lab #3 Part A wiring diagram. 2. Couple the DC machine to the synchronous machine. 3. Set the 0-125 VDC knob to zero. 4. Set the 0-150 VDC knob to zero. 5. Set the synchronous machine to ‘IND START’. 6. Bring the DC machine terminal voltage up to 125 V, and adjust the field rheostat to obtain a speed of 1800 RPM. 7. Set the synchronous machine to ‘SYNCH RUN’. 8. Perform the open-circuit test: With the synchronous machine’s terminals open, measure the voltage across the winding (Voc) as field current (If) in increased. Increase the field current by increasing the DC voltage across the field winding. Vary If from 0 to 1A in increments of 0.1A. 9. Set If to zero. 1 10. Perform the short-circuit test: Short the phase windings of the synchronous machine and put an ammeter in series with the shorted windings. Measure the average winding current (Isc) as If in increased. Vary If from 0 to 1A in increments of 0.1A. Calculation: 1. At Vt=VOC=120V, calculate Xs and K. (Xs= VOC / Isc and K= VOC / If) 2. Plot |Ia| vs. If. (|Ia| =|( Vt -K* If)/Xs|) Part B The armature current will be measured as field current is varied under load and no load conditions. No Load Procedure: 1. Connect the system as shown in Lab #3 Part B wiring diagram, but do not couple the synchronous machine to the DC machine. 2. Set the synchronous machine to ‘IND START’. 3. Turn the 0-150 VDC knob to position ‘0.5’. 4. Turn on main power. 5. Set the synchronous machine to ‘SYNCH RUN’. The motor speed should be at 1800 RPM. 6. Measure Ia and If as If is varied up to 1A in increments of 0.1A. Load Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Turn off main power. Mechanically couple the synchronous machine to the DC machine. Set the first eight switches of the resistance load to ‘ON’. Set the synchronous machine to ‘IND START’. Turn on main power. Turn the 0-150 VDC knob to position ‘2.0’. Turn the 0-125 VDC knob to position ‘8’. Set the synchronous machine to ‘SYNCH RUN’. The motor speed should be 1800 RPM. Measure Ia and If as If is varied up to 1A in increments of 0.1A. Calculation: 1. Plot Ia vs. If for load and no load conditions and compare with calculated graph. 2. Is there a best field current at which the synchronous machine should be operated? 2 Lab #3 Part A Wiring Diagram POWER PANEL 120V AC 0-240/140V AC-30-4W A B C 120V AC N 0 N PRI 0-150V DC SEC MAIN AC A B C N + PRI 0-125V DC SEC - + - VM (DC) + + SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE THREE PHASE AC IND START + AM (DC) 120V AC - - 1 FIELD RHEOSTAT 2 1 SHUNT FIELD 2 WINDING DC FIELD ARMATURE 1 2 1 3 2 SERIES FIELD 1 2 T1 4 T1 5 T2 T2 6 T3 L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 Short-circuit test Open-circuit test 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 - VM (AC) + + 3 6 5 4 AM (AC) - Lab #3 Part B Wiring Diagram POWER PANEL 120V AC 0-240/140V AC-30-4W A B C 120V AC N 0 AM (DC) - PRI 0-150V DC SEC MAIN AC N A B C N + PRI 0-125V DC SEC - + 120V AC - + SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE THREE PHASE AC IND START + - 1 FIELD RHEOSTAT 1 SHUNT FIELD 2 + AM (AC) WINDING 2 DC FIELD ARMATURE 1 2 1 3 2 SERIES FIELD 1 4 T1 L1 5 6 T2 T3 L2 2 T1 T2 L1 L2 L3 RESISTANCE LOAD 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 ON OFF 1000Ω 1000Ω 1000Ω 1000Ω 750Ω 750Ω 750Ω 750Ω 100Ω 100Ω 150Ω 150Ω 250Ω 250Ω 375Ω 375Ω LOAD ON OFF 16 15 14 13 12 4 11 10 9