Download Equine Skeletal System - 10thLargeAnimalScienceLymanHall


fibrous membrane rich in blood vessels
that envelopes the bone, except at the
articular surfaces; it contributes
especially to the bone’s growth in
thickness.
*(articular surface= the surface of a joint at which the
ends of the joint meet)

dense bone tissue composed of osteons,
which resist pressure and shocks and
protect the spongy tissue; it forms
especially the diaphysis of the long
bones.
Osteon

Elementary cylindrical structure of the
compact bone made up of four to 20
concentric bone plates that surround
the Haversian canal.

Lengthwise central canal of the
osteon. It encloses blood vessels and
nerves.
Tissue made of bony compartments
separated by cavities filled with bone
marrow, blood vessels and nerves
 This structure gives bones their lightness.

Cylindrical central cavity of the bone
containing the bone marrow
 Encloses lipid-rich yellow bone marrow

Bone Marrow
Soft substance contained in bone cavities,
 producing blood cells;
 marrow is yellow in the long bones of adults.

Transverse canals of the compact bone
enclosing blood vessels and nerves;
 Connect the Haversian canals with each
other and with the medullary cavity and the
periosteum

Blood Vessel

Channel in the bone through which the blood
circulates, carrying the nutrients and mineral
salts the bone requires
Smooth resistant elastic tissue covering
the terminal part of the bone where it
articulates with another bone
 it facilitates movement and absorbs
shocks

Link bones
 Sheets of strong, fibrous connective
tissue
 Identical to tendons in muscular system
 Only difference is there function
 Ligaments attach bone to bone and
tendons attach muscle to bone


Cartilage
Smooth resistant elastic tissue covering
the terminal part of the bone where it
articulates with another bone
 it facilitates movement and absorbs
shocks


Synovial Fluid
› Small membranous sacks that
contain fluid and rest between bones
of a joint, i.e., above coffin bone
› Helps to cushion and absorb shock

Fibrous

Cartilagenous

Synovial

Immoveable!

Ex, plates in skull

Partially moveable

Connected by cartilage

Ex, joints between vertebrae
Completely moveable
 Hinge

› Joint between 3rd metacarpal and long
pastern

Ball and Socket
› Joint between ilium and femur (hip joint)
We’ll see…

Premaxilla (incisive bone)
› Holds alveoli for upper incisive teeth

Maxilla
› Holds alveoli for molar and premolar teeth

Mandible (lower jaw)
› Holds alveoli for all teeth of lower jaw

Malleus ~ Hammer

Incus ~ Anvil

Stapes ~ Stirrup
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccygeal/
caudal vertebrae
Make up the neck of the horse
 1st cervical vertebrae = Atlas
 2nd cervical vertebrae = Axis

› Allows neck to flex and rotate
18
 Characteristically have high spines
 3rd and 4th form the withers

6
 Characteristically long and flat

Made up of 6 sacral vertebrae
fused together

(*not mentioned in video but comes right
after lumbar vertebrae and before the
caudal)
Made up of 15-21 coccygeal
Vertebrae. (More commonly known
as the Caudal Vertebrae.)

18 pairs of ribs
 First 8 pairs connect to the sternum
 Sternum ~ breast bone

› Made up of 6-8 sternebrae and cartilage

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna (not functional in a horse)

Carpus
› Forms what is commonly called the knee in a
horse

Metacarpus
› 3rd metacarpal, or cannon bone, is the only
functional metacarpal

Splint bones – 2nd and 4th metacarpal
› Small bones running parallel to the cannon
bone on either side
*** splints is a condition when a splint bone sustains a
fraction
Technically referred to as phalanges
 1st Phalange ~ Proximal Phalanx ~ Long
Pastern
 2nd Phalange ~ Middle Phalanx ~ Short
Pastern
 3rd Phalange ~ Distal Phalanx ~ Coffin
Bone


Os Coxae ~ half of the pelvic girdle
› 3 bones
 Ilium
 Ischium
 Pubis
Femur
 Patella ~ knee cap
 Crus = Fibula + Tibia

› Fibula isn’t functional; fuses along the length
of the tibia
We have almost the exact number of
bones as horses
 Horses’ forelegs are almost identical to
our arms in position, the only real
difference being the elongation of the
bones that make up our wrist, hand and
fingers in the horses’ knee, lower leg
(cannon), ankle and hoof

The main differences between a horse’s
skeleton and a human’s skeleton come
from a horse being a quadraped while
humans are bipeds
 This changes the angle of the limbs in
relation to the spine, the length of the
neck, and the shape of the head
 Horses’ being prey animals and humans
predators also affects the skull; a horse’s
orbits are laterally positioned because
they are monocular, and their jaw is
longer to provide for the powerful molars
they use to chew their fibrous diet

OH MY BONES!!!!!!!!!!
………XD
http://visual.merriamwebster.com/humanbeing/anatomy/skeleton/structure-longbone.php
 http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/
bodyguide/reftext/html/skel_sys_fin.html
#joints
 http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/join
ts.php
 http://www.yourveterinaryclinic.com/pa
ge7/page8/skeleton-horse.html
