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Community-Based Crowdsourcing for a sustainable land cadastre in Mozambique - Can SiGIT be a lever ? Jose Murta [email protected] Marisa Balas, José Almeirim, João Carrilho, Pedro Ivo, Rossana Carimo 1 Case Context • Massive land registration 2008-2012 – MCT (about 200.000 registrations) • Terra Segura aiming at 5 million registrations of individual parcels and 4 thousand community delimitations • Computerisation of land cadastre 2013 nationwide … • Mobile solution implemented during 2016 … • Revision of business processes … • Crowdsourcing ? 2 Land administration context • Effective land productivity yield ~ 20% in Africa … • Lack of rights registration inhibits investments … • Great interest in legal registration & preparation for better business environment … • Registration of State land and protected land key to improve governance … • Cadastre with spatial data is key for land administration and planning … • Organizational capabilities and law abiding provision of land services are key … • All business related aspects are fundamental for sustainability … 3 Technology context … • Technology evolves fast, is complex and relatively expensive • Investments in technology need careful design using architectural approaches • Business cases based decision should benefit from these strategic alignment instruments • Technology software infrastructure became robust, secure and ready for scalability, • Opportunity - local teams may be better positioned to build localized solutions • Outsourcing of architecture planning may have to be contracted externally • Priority for land administration business services may imply outsourced IS/IT services 4 Land Administration System Capacity Building 2013-2016 • Investments – by Government, MCA/MCC and Donors (Sweden and Holland) established • effective practices, business process management, to register land parcel country wide, • a modern application based on robust platform to register text and geospatial land data, • IT services structure to support application and infrastructure support and maintenance. • System – processes and technology - proven to work follow law abiding workflows; • Operators have been trained and half a million parcels registered; • System working countrywide; • System – processes and technology – extended to facilitate field registration of data. 5 SiGIT in Mozambique – a success story? • Yes ! but mind shift to focus on business capabilities - land administration services. • Technology is an enabler – although good understanding of its role by decisors a must. • IS/IT complexity implies the use of architectural approaches and tools for understanding. • This is key for alignment and support long term thinking for land administration reform. • Outsourcing of IS/IT services may be better choice for now - learning occurs from practice. • Roadmap for capabilities development should guide investments and delivery control. 6 Community-based Crowdsourcing for land registration ? • This business model concept works in other domains. • Big problems require innovative ideas, out of the box. • Technology is ready to support this organizational form for data collection – it works ! • Currently being used by Land registration service providers in GoM projects; • Risks? • organizational level – permanent structures to deliver the services; • requires working central cadastre system to maintain/process registered data; • New legislation and certification required if local community establish these services, • Positive and open attitude to experimentation required to take advantage of these possibilities. 7 Possible benefits of crowdsourcing • More efficient registration of data as prepared community land agents could work in parallel; • Flexibility in maintaining the land data, as local residents would be able to update the data almost real time without additional contracting, preparation and dislocation costs; • Lowering the costs of registration, as residents, paid by the community, should do this job, expected to be less intensive after the first registration; • Allow better control from the community themselves on their land occupation rights, as registration should be easily accessible for consultation; • Less conflict and easier conflict resolution due to comprehensiveness and readiness of land data; • More effective control of corrupt practices be it by service provider or government agents; • Better land planning and control by government and consequent sustainable economic development as a result of good, complete and updated data; • Communities empowered do explore business opportunities with investors; 8 Readiness of enabling factors for crowdsourcing • Enabling on technology • Workflow design • Motivation and measurement • Human resources • Policies and rules • Facilities • Crowdsourcing coordination and operation management • This structure and how it should work should be defined iteratively with the various interested parties. 9 Community-Based Crowdsourcing - Can SiGIT be a lever? SiGIT is the technology side of the equation … • Technology is available and covers from rural and urban land registration to central cadastre • works, is scalable, open and secure, standardized, law abiding, fully integrated and its lifecycle locally supported and maintained – economies of scale and scope are making it sustainable; • Visible and modern delivery of service levels, with service desk & various IT service providers; • The business process insight and control introduced for land registration – rural and urban; • SiGIT fully owned by State and lifecycle support competitively negotiated; 10 What other aspects and enablers for success ? Organizational motivation and business capabilities … • Organizational purpose is well formulated by government in well defined programs; • Critical to use architectural approaches describe required business capabilities and IS/IT; • Business case and consequent project management professional practices missing; • organizational and technology changes both designed and implemented for benefits; • Accountability for results should become common behavior; 11 What other aspects and enablers for success ? Long term thinking mindset – a must! • Long term thinking means common ways & preparedness to drive change for long; • Complex problems should be tackled with appropriate tools - system thinking; • Experience values world class frameworks to help create consensus & guidance; • The same should work for the public sector; • Architectural approaches & tools to help leaders to continue inherited and new reforms; • Benefits management approach to help commitment by business and technical leaders; • Program management frameworks to help scheduling projects for tranche management; • Business case and project management characterize basic behavior in winning reforms. 12