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Polar Bears and Penguins Making Sense page 135 Making Sense -133 The ability of an atom to attract electrons shared between two atoms is called electronegativity. – High electronegative atoms (polar bears) gain a - (partial negative) – Low electronegative atoms (penguins) gain a + (partial positive) Unit 2 • Investigation IV Water Molecule: Oxygen attracts the shared electrons towards itself so it is partial negative. Hydrogen is less electronegative so the shared electrons are pulled away. It becomes partially positive. Direction of pull Unit 2 • Investigation IV – There is a crossed arrow to show the direction of the dipole in HCl. The crossed end of the arrow indicates the positive (+) end of the polar bond and the arrow points in the direction of the negative (-) end. N O N O Nonpolar molecules They have symmetrical shapes like linear and tetrahedral and identical surrounding atoms. (Bonded electrons are being pulled but they are canceled out. H P H N H H H H Se H H Cl H Polar molecules It is not symmetrical. There are different shapes. Unit 2 • Investigation IV