Download Functions of the Respiratory System

The Respiratory
System
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
• Trap particles from incoming air and help
control the temperature and water content of
the air
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
• Trap particles from incoming air and help
control the temperature and water content of
the air
• Produce vocal sounds
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
• Trap particles from incoming air and help
control the temperature and water content of
the air
• Produce vocal sounds
• Participate in the sense of smell
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
• Trap particles from incoming air and help
control the temperature and water content of
the air
• Produce vocal sounds
• Participate in the sense of smell
• Regulate blood pH
Organs of the Respiratory System
• 1) Upper Respiratory Tract
–
–
–
–
Nose
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
pharynx
• 2) Lower Respiratory Tract
–
–
–
–
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
lungs
The Nose
• Two nostrils- openings
in which air can enter
and leave
• Nasal septum- divides
the cavity into left and
right cavities
• Nasal conchae- bones
that curl out, dividing
the cavity into
passageways
Mucus Membrane
• Lines the nasal cavity
and help increase its
surface area
• Contains
pseudostratified
ciliated epithelium
– Goblet cells secrete
mucus
• Blood vessels warm air
Cilia
Sinuses
• Air-filled spaces
located within the
skull
• Reduce the weight of
the skull
• Affect the quality of
the voice
Pharynx
• Behind the oral cavity
and between the
nasal cavity and
larynx
• Common passageway
for food esophagus
and air larynx
Larynx
– Air enters the larynx
through the glottis
– The epiglottis folds
over the glottis,
preventing entry of
liquids or food
– Vocal cords surround
glottis
Larynx
Trachea- “Windpipe”
–C-shaped cartilage rings (hyaline cartilage)
keep passageways open
–Opening of cartilage is near the back of
trachea to allow food to pass through the
esophagus
–Smooth muscle changes the size of the
trachea when it contracts
Bronchi/Bronchioles
• Trachea branches
into the right and
left primary
bronchi
secondary
bronchi tertiary
bronchi and so on…
• Bronchiole: when
the bronchi no
longer have
cartilage they are
called bronchioles.
Bronchioles lead to Alveoli
• Respiratory bronchioles open into passageways called alveolar ducts
that end at alveolar sacs
Alveoli
The Lungs
• Contains Lobes
– Right lung= 3 lobes
– Left Lung= 2 lobes
• Within the “pleural
cavity”
– Parietal pleural
membrane
– Visceral pleural
membrane
Breathing Vocab
• Ventilation: breathing
• Inspiration: inhalation, breathing in
• Expiration: exhalation, breathing out
Inspiration
• Atmospheric pressure forces air into the
lungs while diaphragm is contracting.
• Pressure is higher outside the lungs
Expiration
• The elastic recoil of the lung tissue and
decreased diameter of the alveoli creates a
very slightly greater pressure inside the
lungs than the atmosphere, forcing the air
out.
Respiratory Volumes
• Measure by an instrument called a
“spirometer”.
Respiratory Volumes
• Tidal Volume: volume of air entering or
leaving during a single normal respiratory
cycle.
Respiratory Capacities
• Vital capacity= the maximum amount of air
moved in and out of the lungs during a
forceful respiratory cycle.