Download Government Standard 1

Government Standard 1
1.) Explain historical and philosophical origins that shaped the
government of the United States, including the Magna Carta,
the Petition of Right, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower
Compact, the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and the influence
of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Great Awakening.
• Comparing characteristics of limited and unlimited
governments throughout the world, including constitutional,
authoritarian, and totalitarian governments
Examples:
1. constitutional
2. authoritarian
3. totalitarian
Magna Carta
• 800 year anniversary
• Agreement (treaty) with Barons (nobility) and
king
• Foundation of parliamentary government
(legislative)
• Rule of Law, not man (king couldn’t govern any
way he wanted)
• Due process of law
• No taxation without representation (king had to
ask popular consent for tax money)
Petition of Right, 1628
• England document
• Liberties
• that the king could not infringe on.
• Four parts
1. To tax without Parliament
2. Habeas Corpus: can’t put someone in jail
without telling them what they did and the
person has to be brought to court
3. No martial law in peace time
4. No quartering soldiers in citizens’ homes
Petition of Right, affect on US
documents
• Limited government
• Individual liberty comes before king’s
authority
• Inspired Bill of Rights, limits of power; political
liberties regardless of relation to the king;
English Bill of Rights, 1689
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Parliament
Separation of powers
Limiting the power of the king or queen
Enhanced freedom of speech
Protected certain rights
No taxes without Parliament
No excessive bail
No cruel and unusual punishment
Mayflower Compact
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First governing document of Plymouth Colony
Fleeing religious persecution
A social contract: follow rules
Influences: follow rule of law; self-governing;
religious freedom
Virginia Declaration of Rights
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Created May 1776
Inherent (always there) rights of man
Self-government
Influenced:
1. Declaration of Independence
2. US Bill of Rights
3. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
(French Revolution)
4. People: Thomas Jefferson; James Madison;
LaFayette
Thomas Hobbes
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“Government is needed”
NOT in favor of democracy
Believed in having an Absolute monarch
Social contract theory: people agree to be
governed. Influenced the Constitution from
the standpoint that people have a relationship
with government.
John Locke
• Dif. From Hobbes, rejected the “divine right”
• Limited government
• Gov’t is morally obligated to protect :
– LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY
• Legislative should be most powerful branch
• Freedom of religion
Montesquieu
• Separation of powers
• Balance of powers
Rousseau
• Social contract: self govern
• Individual right of freedom is most important
Great Awakening, 1730-1743
• Americans became more like Americans and
less like colonists
• Relig: God to Church to the people
– God to the people
– So that meant that instead of God-ruler-people;
God-people-ruler
• Growth of the idea of state rule
• People agreed to live together and be bound
by a central government
Great Awakening
• People thought that they had an Independent
spirit; so that led to an independent thinking
about government
characteristics of limited and unlimited
governments throughout the world:
1. constitutional
2. authoritarian
3. totalitarian
constitutional
• United States of America
authoritarian
• Saudi Arabia
• China
totalitarian
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North Korea
Cuba
Iran
ISIS