Download BBP Ppt - South Kitsap School District

“If it’s wet and it’s not yours,
don’t touch it!”
Bloodborne: = transmitted by blood (or
other body fluids)
Pathogen = microorganism capable of
causing disease
Bacterial: Staph & Strep
Viral: HBV, HCV, HIV
•300,000 cases of bbp infections are
reported yearly to the CDC
•Estimated as many as 3 million
people infected with HCV and most
don’t know they have it
What are some Examples of
Bloodborne Pathogens??
Hepatitis B
HIV
Hepatitis C
 Can acquire from
 blood
 body fluids containing visible blood
 Semen, vaginal secretions
 other potentially infectious material
(OPIM)
 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid,
pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic
fluid
Not infectious for
blood borne pathogens
 Feces
 Urine
 Tears
 Saliva
** unless visible blood
 Vomitus
 Sputum (mucus)
 Sweat
 Occupational exposure occurs by:
 percutaneous injury (needlestick or cut)
 contact with mucous membranes
 contact with non-intact skin
in which there is blood, body fluids with visible
blood, OPIM (other potentially infectious
materials)
 HIV
 virus that causes AIDS
 incubation period 1
to 3 months
 person is infectious from
 onset of infection throughout
life
 all persons are susceptible
 HIV Symptoms
 suffer flu-like illness (fever, fatigue,
diarrhea)
 carry the virus and show NO symptoms for
years
 eventually develop AIDS
 develop AIDS-related illness (cancer,
neurological problems and other
opportunistic infections)
 HIV
 risk of transmission
 needlestick: 0.3%
 splash/spray to mucuous
membranes: 0.09%
 non-intact skin: less than
mucous membrane exposure
Chances of Infection
 If you are exposed to HIV infected blood/body fluids
by:
 A dirty needle/sharp: 3 in 1000 (0.3%)
 Mucous membrane splash: 1 in 1000 (0.1%)
 Non intact skin:
1 in 1000 (0.1%)
 Prompt antiviral treatment after exposure can reduce
risk of infection by 60 – 80%
Hepatitis means ‘inflammation of the liver.’
Most people who contract hepatitis will heal in
about six months. In others, the virus can
cause liver damage and be life threatening.
There is a vaccination for Hepatitis B.
 HBV
 virus that causes hepatitis B
 incubation period 45 to 180 days
 Acute inflammation of liver
 90% clear infection
 25 million infected yearly
 100x more easily to contract then HIV
 HBV
 Contract via:
 Sharing contaminated needles/syringes
 Tattooing, ear piercing, acupuncture
 Unprotected sexual contact w/infected
partner
 Contaminated SHARPS exposure
Symptoms of Hepatitis B
 Fatigue
 Loss of appetite, nausea
 Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
 Fever
 Abdominal pain, joint pain
 30% have no symptoms
 Preventable
 HBV
 risk of transmission
 needlestick: 22-31%
if source is HBeAG +
 needlestick: 1-6%
if source is HBeAG  direct or indirect contact with nonintact skin or mucous membranes is an
important source of occupational
exposure
 Effectiveness
 at least 90% of adults are immune
after completing the three doses of
vaccine
 since 1985, 90% reduction of number of
HCW infected with HBV, largely due to
vaccine
 administered by deep intramuscular
injection
 3 doses given: 1st two doses 1 month
apart, last dose is given 5 months after
second dose
 SLH will test antibody levels at 1-2
months after last dose to test for
immunity
 non-responders will be-revaccinated
 HCV
 virus that causes hepatitis C
 incubation period 6 to 9 weeks
 Most common chronic blood borne infection in
US
 Causes liver damage, cirrhosis and liver cancer
 Leading reason for liver transplants
 HCV
 Transmission
 Multiple sex partners
 Infected mother to baby
 Illegal drug use (60%)
 Tattooing
 Occupational exposure
Symptoms of Hepatitis C
 Same as Hepatitis B
 May occur within 2 weeks to many
years
 85% don’t know they are infected
 HCV
 risk of
transmission
 needlestick: 1.8%
 mucous
membranes: rare
 non-intact skin:
very rare
Hepatitis C Vaccine
 There are 50,000 needlesticks annually related to HCV
infected patients
Many contagious people show no signs
or symptoms of infection. Only blood
tests can positively identify these
diseases.
 HAV
 Not a BBP
 Most common form of hepatitis
 Often associated with contaminated
food in restaurants and cafeterias.
 Cuts, scratches
 Skin abrasions
 Dermatitis, eczema
Pathogens can enter
your body through
various avenues
 Acne areas
 Mucus membranes:
eyes, nose, mouth
 Any sort of damaged or
broken skin such as
sunburn or blisters
 The Hepatitis B virus is very
When you touch a surface that
has been contaminated with
infected blood
durable; studies show that HBV
can survive on surfaces dried
and at room temperature for a
week.
 HIV, on the other hand, is very
and then, transfer the germs to
your eyes, nose, mouth or open
skin.
fragile and will not survive very
long outside of the human body.
However, because HIV is such a
devastating disease, all
precautions must be taken to
avoid exposure.
OSHA requires that our District have a
written Exposure Control Plan.

What is the Purpose?
When an “exposure incident” occurs, we will know
how to respond quickly and appropriately, ensuring
a positive outcome.

What is Included?
--Identification of personnel covered by the
OSHA standard.
--Analysis of potential hazards of each job
description.
--Determination of measures to be taken to
reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne
pathogens on the job.
--Written procedures related to exposure risks.

Where is it located?
Business Office and School Health Offices.
It is impossible to tell who is infected with a disease simply by
appearances; many people who are infected show no visible signs or symptoms and may not even
know their infectious state. Therefore, using universal precautions is essential.
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS is a prevention concept in which all
blood and body fluids are treated as if they are infectious.
In other words, whether or not you think the blood/body fluid is
infected with bloodborne pathogens, you treat it as if it is. Using
this, along with other protective practices can greatly reduce your
risk.
 Treat all blood and body
fluids as potentially
infectious.
 Critical because it is
impossible to tell who is
infected with HBV or HIV
by appearances.
 Many have no knowledge
or symptoms of their
disease.
Work Practice Controls refers to specific
procedures one must follow on the job to reduce
exposure to blood or other potentially infectious
materials. For example, our custodial staff has
special training in proper procedures for cleaning
up blood and body fluid spills.
Work Practice Controls
 Hand-washing: Single
(Lather 15 sec.)
* Waterless hand cleaner-only if no
soap and water available!
most
important means of
preventing
the spread of infection
When to wash hands
 Before and after touching someone or




something potentially infectious
After removing gloves
After handling potentially infectious material
After using the bathroom
Before eating, smoking,
applying cosmetics,
handling contact lens
 Waterless alcohol gel
 may use if hands are not visibly




soiled
more effective against organisms
convenient
gentler to skin than soap, water,
paper towels
takes less time than soap and
water wash
 gowns, gloves, surgical masks, face
shields, goggles, shoe covers, aprons
 provides protection for clothing, skin, eyes,
mouth, nose
Gloves must be worn if you anticipate exposure to another person’s blood,
potentially infectious materials, mucous membranes or non-intact skin.
 Keep gloves within easy reach at
all times; all staff should have
access. Your building nurse will
supply you with gloves as needed.
 If you assist with first aid where
blood or body fluids are involved,
you must wear gloves.
 Replace gloves as soon as you can
if they are torn, punctured,
contaminated or defective in any
way (sometimes they wear out).
 Do NOT reuse disposable
gloves.
Always wash your hands
after taking your gloves off.
Unsure of the proper way to remove gloves?
Follow these steps listed below. If you have any questions,
consult with your building nurse for a demonstration.
1.
With both hands gloved, peel one glove off by grabbing it in the
middle of your palm and pulling it off your fingers last (the glove
should come off your hand inside out). Hold it in the gloved hand.
2.
With the exposed hand, peel the second glove FROM THE INSIDE,
tucking the first glove inside the second.
3.
Dispose of the gloves properly.
4.
Never touch the outside of the gloves with your bare skin.
5.
Wash your hands as soon as possible.
Minimize blood spatter
when helping an injured
and bleeding person.
Handle contaminated laundry /
clothing as little as possible.
Dispose sharps (needles,
broken glass, bloody
metal) and infectious
wastes in designated
containers.
Call a custodian for clean-up
of blood or body fluids.
Encourage students to self-
Inspect and clean wastepaper
baskets and other receptacles that
are reused (and have a likelihood
of becoming contaminated with
blood or other infectious
materials) on a regular basis.
administer first aid if
possible.
Avoid picking-up broken glass with
your bare hands. Use a broom and
dustpan, tongs or some other device.
Reducing your Risk:
Personal Hygiene Reminders
Avoid eating, drinking,
applying makeup or lip
balm where there is a
possibility of exposure.
Cover cuts, scratches,
rashes or
other open sores on
exposed skin.
Avoid sharing razors,
toothbrushes or other
personal items.
Avoid handling
contact lenses
where there is a
possibility of
exposure.
 Place used sharps in disposal containers
immediately after use
 Sharps containers
 puncture resistant
 leakproof
 labeled or red in color
 stabilized if portable
International
Biohazardous Waste
Symbol
 A type of staph bacteria that is resistant to
antibiotics.
 There has been a lot of hype and media attention
surrounding MRSA so let’s get a few things
straight:
 Staph bacteria is common and found
everywhere.
 MRSA can be treated, it is resistant to some but
not all medications.
 Starts as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils
or spider bites.
 Can turn into deep, painful abscesses
 Bacteria can burrow into the body causing infection in
bones, joints, surgical wounds, the blood stream, heart
valves and lungs.
 Prevent the Spread By:
 Standard/ Universal Precautions
 Hand Washing
 Gloves
 Keep Personal Items Personal
 Keep Wounds Covered