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Download THE U.S. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865
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THE U.S. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 APRIL 12, 1861 Fort Sumter, SC Fort in Charleston Harbor Lincoln in a bind Gen. P.G.T Beauregard—CSA Major Anderson-Union Fort surrenders-no casualties! Call for Volunteers-Both sides predict a quick war! The South has: 1. Better Military Leaders 2. Southern Sons went to West Point in greater numbers 3. Farm boys shoot better! The North has: 1. Sheer numbers in population 2. Better and more weapons 3. Stronger industry and more miles of R.R. track North: Anaconda Plan 1. 2. 3. Control the Mississippi River-Cut off Texas from the rest of the South Blockade all Southern Ports Take the war to the South—Capture Richmond, VA—The Capital Battle of Bull Run/Manasses July 1861 ► Mr. McLean’s House ► Washington Visitors ► Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson ► Traffic Jam ► Mistakes Lincoln’s Troubles Fires Gen. Irwin McDowell Hires Gen. George McClellan Army of the Potomac Trains and waits Lincoln asks to “borrow the Army” Loses in the Peninsula Campaign South’s new heroes: General Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and Jeb Stuart South’s New Heroes 2nd Bull Run/Manassas August 28-29 1862 Lincoln fires McClellan! Hires Gen. John Pope Jeb Stuart Pays a visit Pope defeated! Lee’s New Plan ► No more defense ► Take the War to the North ► Beliefs: 1. Win in Maryland and turn state to the South 2. Make Washington D.C. an Island in the Confederacy 3. Demoralize the North Lincoln’s Dilemma Lincoln fires Pope Rehires McClellan! McClellan still over cautious Lincoln needs a victory! Wants a moral objective to the war Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg Sept. 17, 1862 Lee invades Maryland by crossing the Potomac River Lee’s Battle Plans Found! Lil’ Mac does nothing—asks for more men! Three battle phases: 1. Morning-Dunker Church & Cornfield 2. Midday- Sunken Road 3. Afternoon- Burnside’s Bridge Morning-Dunker Church/Cornfield Midday-Sunken Road Burnside’s Bridge “He has the slows” No clear winner but south leaves the field McClellan has advantage but waits more than a week!! Lee escapes across the Potomac River Lincoln Fires McClellan! Single bloodiest day in United States history 23,000 Killed or Wounded Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln needed a victory “…all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Border States could still keep slaves Reality Emancipation Proclamation freed no slaves! But gave moral cause to the war. Battle of Fredericksburg December 11-15 1862 Lincoln fires McClellan!! Lincoln hires Gen. Ambrose Burnside Lee controls Marye’s Heights Series of Union attacks all unsuccessful Men know they will die “Northern Lights “ “Angel of Marye’s Heights” Battle of Chancellorsville April 30-May 6 1863 Lincoln fires Burnsides! ► Lincoln hires “Fightin’ Joe Hooker” ► 138,000 Union forces ► Lee has about half as many ► Stonewall Jackson makes a “grand manuever” ► Stonewall accidently shot by own troops ► Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3 1863 Lee moves north again to put fear in the North and hopefully end the war. Lincoln fires Hooker hires Gen. George Meade Shoes? Gen. Buford’s Delay Chamberlain’s Pinwheel Charge Pickett’s Charge 43,000 Killed, wounded or missing—25,000 from the south—will never recover Gettysburg is the turning point of the war! First Day-”save the high ground” Gen. Buford 2nd Day- Chamberlain saves the Union Army Little Round Top Devil’s Den Day 3—Picket’s Charge “Attack the Center, where they are weak” Robert E. Lee Civil War in the West Control the Mississippi Ulysses S. Grant Wins at Ft. Donnelson & Fort Henry—No Terms! “Unconditional Surrender!” Battle of Shiloh Church April 6-7 1862 High casualties Grant almost loses—temporarily relieved of command Admiral David Farragut (Union Navy) captures New Orleans and Baton Rouge (spring of 1862) Grant lays siege of Vicksburg, MS (May 1863 July 4th, 1863 Cuts off food and supplies 30,000 Confederates surrender “He Fights” Not thought of highly Drinks too much Has enemies in Congress and Army Undercover officer sent to dig up dirt in order to get Grant fired Lincoln “find out what he drinks and send a case to all my generals—he fights! Gettysburg Address November 19 1863 • National Cemetery Dedication • Didn’t want Lincoln invited—after thought • Edward Everett spoke almost 2 hours-”top that” • One of America’s top 3 speeches only 3 minutes long • Biblical connection to speech The Gettysburg Address Medical Treatment during the Civil War New weapons + old strategies=terrible wounds Amputation most common treatment Infections kills more than bullets Disease is rampant Clara Barton Home front Women doing more on the farms and factories Copperheads Draft and New York Draft riot Habeas Corpus African-Americans in the Civil War Early opposition Contraband in the South 54th Massachusetts 186,000 served in the Union Army 50,000 served in the Confederate Army Grant Now in Charge • Grant replaces Meade • • now in command of all Union Armies New strategy—”Total War” Grant has more men, weapons, supplies, transportation • South will never • • recover from Gettysburg & Vicksburg Must now fight a desperate defensive war Cannot replace men, weapons, supplies and transportation Grant, “The Butcher” The Wilderness Battle of Cold Harbor 7000 KIAs in only 2 hours! Lee digs in Grant lays siege at Petersburg “I can replace soldiers, Lee cannot” War in the West 1864 • Gen. William • • • Tecumseh Sherman Tennessee to Atlanta Victory helped Lincoln win re-election Sherman’s neckties Sherman’s March to the Sea • “Make Georgia howl!” • 60,000 men, 60 miles • • • • • wide Total War! Break the South’s will to fight Can do this anywhere Savannah, GA Dec. 10, 1864 “Merry Christmas Mr. President Appomattox Court House • Lee makes contact • April 9th, 1865 • Farm house • Reminisce • Lee asks for terms • Grant allows for horses and sidearms • Gives food—time to replant McLean’s House • Moved far away from Manassas • House used for the surrender • “the war began in my front yard, and ended in my front parlor” The Price in Blood! Casualties in the Civil War • At least 618,000 Americans died in the Civil War, and some experts say the toll reached 700,000. The number that is most often quoted is 620,000. At any rate, these casualties exceed the nation's loss in all its other wars, from the Revolution through Vietnam. The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates: • Battle deaths:110,070 Disease, etc.:250,152 Total 360,222 • The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses: • Battle deaths: 94,000 Disease, etc.:164,000 Total258,000 The Civil War in 4 minutes Source Page: 1. www.soldierstudies.org/images/webquest/civil%... 2.. www.geocities.com 3. theelectoralmap.com 4. www.nassaulibrary.org/hewlett/civilwar.jpg 5. americancivilwar.com/pictures/stonewall_jacks... 6. www.militaryhistoryinstone.org/.../mcdowell.jpg 7. www.sonofthesouth.net/.../mcclellan-portrait.jpg 8. students.umf.maine.edu/.../robertlee.jpg 9. americancivilwar.com/pictures/stonewall_jacks... 10. wolfcreekfarmva.com/.../images/Jeb_stuart.jpg 11. www.sonofthesouth.net/.../mcclellan-portrait.jpg 12. upload.wikimedia.org/.../6/6a/GenJohnPope.jpeg 13. upload.wikimedia.org/.../6/6a/GenJohnPope.jpeg 14. www.sonofthesouth.net/.../mcclellan-portrait.jpg Source Page cont. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/images/g... i.pbase.com/g4/04/177304/2/59550491.IntheCorn... www.nps.gov/.../hh/31/images/hh31m1.jpg www.old-picture.com/.../Antietam-Sunken-Road.jpg www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/Antietam/... thomaslegion.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuild... upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/A... www.batteryb.com/battles/federals/hooker_j.jpg farm4.static.flickr.com/3160/2607942854_b5f91 upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/G... explorepahistory.com/images/ExplorePAHistory-... www.usrarecoininvestments.com/images/coin_inf... upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/J... www.4thmichigan.com/images/Devil%27s%20Den%20... www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/323.jpg www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/323.jpg Source Page cont. 32. www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/gettysbur 33. www.visit-gettysburg.com/images/confederate-i... 34. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gettysburg_Ba... 35. www.old-picture.com/mathew-brady-studio/Picke... 36. farm3.static.flickr.com/2166/2392339372_38054... 37. 38. www.sonofthesouth.net/.../ulysses-s-grant.htm 39. www.hallowedgroundartifacts.com/HGPGettysburg... 40. genealogystories.net/ima.ges/lincoln_gettysbur.. 41. Hollywood Goes to War:Music from the Great American War films; 2000 Silva Screen Records Ltd, Gettysburg Address, Randy Edelman, Daniel Massey/narration 42. www.rochester.edu/.../FIG17. 43 Dances with Wolves:Tig Productions, Inc 1990: MGM Home Entertainment LLC 2004: video clip 44. www.northcarolinahistory.org/images/uploaded/... 45. pages.prodigy.net/.../coatesville/4thUSCT.jpg 46. www.usa-civil-war.com/Grant/grant-in-camp.jpg Source Page cont. 47. www.army.mil/cmh/books/AMH-V1/Map32.jpg 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sherman/... media.maps.com/magellan/Images/schist2.gif gfc.easytel.com/.../surrender.jpg upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/A... pro.corbis.com/images/IH137963.jpg?size=67... pro.corbis.com/images/KF001892.jpg?size=67... http://www.maniacworld.com/civil-war-in-four-minutes.html