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WEATHER FRONTS And Severe weather WEATHER • Boundary between two air masses FRONT • Storms and precipitation form at these fronts • When fronts collide, air moves from high to low pressure areas WARM FRONT • When a warm air mass moves over cool air masses • Slowly slides over the cool air • Gradually forces warm air higher to form clouds and/or precipitation COLD FRONT • Cold air mass quickly pushes under warm air • Forces warm air up quickly • Bring stormy weather – Thunderstorms – Tornados OCCLUDED FRONT • Two cool air masses joining together • Forces the warm air between them to rise • Causes strong winds and heavy precipitation STATIONARY FRONT • When pressure differences cause fronts to stop moving • May remain in place for several days • Brings light wind and precipitation THUNDERSTORMS • Occurs in warm moist air masses where warm air rises rapidly • Forms cumulonimbus clouds • Usually heavy rain and/or hail • Lightning and thunder HEAVY RAIN • Formed in cumulonimbus clouds • Precipitation drops fall great distances and collide into each other • Falling drops drag air downward creating strong winds LIGHTNING • Rapid movement of air creates electrically charged particles in the air • Charge is released as electrical energy (lightning) • Can happen cloud to cloud or cloud to earth THUNDER • Caused by the rapid heating and contracting of air around lightning strikes • Extreme heat causes air to expand fast then cool fast contracting inward • Contracting air creates sound waves • Cannot occur without lightning TORNADO • Violent swirling wind that moves in a narrow path over the land • Usually forms along a cold front • Caused by the strong winds generated by heavy rains in thunderstorms – Different wind speeds – Different wind heights – Different wind directions • Classifications based on wind speeds and damage caused HURRICANE • A large swirling low pressure system that forms over tropical oceans • Low pressure sucks in warm air that rises • Warm moist air swirls around cooler air at the center • As air rises it cools and condenses • Bring fast winds, heavy rains, and ocean storm surges • Also called cyclone, typhoon, or tropical storm
