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THE FIRST PRESIDENT
 1789—George Washington was unanimously elected by the
Electoral College (we’ll take notes in a moment after this
slide, with more details on this from a webpage).
 The election was not what you would think it was, and individual
people did not gain the right to vote until later.
 Martha Washington, the first lady, kept up the house,
entertained guests for Washington, and went with Washington
to social events.
 Some people, like Abigail Adams, wife of John Adams, felt like she
should do more.
 She felt that women should play a more important role in society,
because they educated their children to be good citizens.
ORGANIZING THE GOVERNMENT
 It was the federal government’s job to make sure
that government itself had a powerful sense of
organization.
 Congress formed departments in the executive
branch to oversee various areas of national policy.
 Heads of these departments were cabinet members,
who Washington consulted with.
 Judiciary Act of 1789:
 Created the federal court system and the court’s location
 President nominated potential judges, and Congress
could agree or disapprove.
AMERICA’S EXPECTATION OF
GOVERNMENT
 America, like today, had high expectations of
government.
 In particular, they did not want government to put
limits on trade, as Britain had once done, and they
wanted the government to protect the people and
the economy.
 In 1790, 4 million people lived in the United States,
most working as farmers.
 Farmers—wanted taxes and the right to move on to western
lands.
 Townspeople (craftspeople, laborers, merchants) wanted help
with businesses, simpler trade laws, and protection from
overseas competitors.
AMERICA’S EXPECTATION OF
GOVERNMENT
Most cities were small (25,000 was
considered large, and only New York and
Philadelphia were this large)
In 1792, 24 Wall Street stock brokers
signed an agreement that created the New
York Stock Exchange we know today.
HAMILTON AND NATIONAL FINANCES
SETTLING THE DEBT
 Alexander Hamilton wanted to pay off the national
debt.
 11.7 million to foreign countries
 40.4 million to U.S. Citizens
 During the Revolutionary War, the government
sold bonds to raise money. People who
purchased them were told that they would be able
to sell them back at a higher price.
 Some people sold their bonds to speculators.
SETTLING THE DEBT
 . Hamilton
and Jefferson disagreed on what to
do.
 Hamilton’s idea: Repay 21.5 million of the state’s debt.
 Southern leaders disagreed, as they had relatively low
debt.
 Hamilton also had the capital moved from New York to
Philadelphia, and then eventually to Washington D.C.
HAMILTON VERSUS JEFFERSON
 Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed about the
role of the central government.
 Hamilton wanted a strong federal government.
 Jefferson wanted strong powers for the states.
 Hamilton did not want people to have much
power because he had little faith in the average
person.
HAMILTON VERSUS JEFFERSON
 Jefferson believed that the people had the right
to rule the country.
 Hamilton backed manufacturing and business,
and higher tariffs.
 Jefferson backed farming, and lower tariffs.
THE DEBATE OVER THE BANK
 In 1791 Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed about the
government’s economic problems.
 Hamilton wanted a national bank , so the government
could safely deposit money.
 Jefferson believed that Hamilton’s plan gave too much
power to the federal government.
 Hamilton supported loose construction of the
Constitution. Jefferson backed strict construction
 . Washington and Congress wanted The Bank of the
United States. It helped make the U.S. economy more
stable.
REMAINING NEUTRAL
 The French Revolution caused tension between
Britain and France.
 Although many Americans were in favor of it,
Washington signed the Neutrality Proclamation ,
stating that America would not choose sides and
become involved.
 France asked for American sailors to help, but
Washington would not allow this.
 To avoid war between Britain and the United
States, the two countries signed Jay’s Treaty.
TERRITORY DISPUTES AND RESOLUTIONS
You will look these up when I call
on you, to provide information:
Pinckney’s Treaty:
Little Turtle and Miami:
Battle of Fallen Timber:
WHISKEY REBELLION
 (video based—take notes)
 Things to know:
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS
 Things to know:
THE ELECTION OF 1796
 More than one candidate ran for president.
 Despite Washington’s warnings against political
party rivalry, two parties existed:
 Federalist Party—John Adams, Thomas Pinckney
 Democratic-Republic Party—Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr
 Business people supported Adams
 Farmers supported Jefferson
 Jefferson and Adams attacked each other during the
runnings, but ironically, Adams won, Jefferson came
in second, and they had to work together as
President and VP.
PRESIDENT ADAMS AND THE XYZ AFFAIR
 Things to know:
THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACT
 passed by Federalists
 Became law in 1798
 Alien Act: empowered the president to remove foreign
residents he decided were involved in any
treasonable or secret plots against the government .
 Sedition Act: forbid U.S. residents to “write, print,
utter, or publish” false or critical words against the
government.
THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACT
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions stated
that the acts were unconstitutional.
Jefferson and James Madison said that the
states could disobey unconstitutional federal
laws.
Congress did not repeal the acts, though they
were not renewed.
Ultimately, this paved the way to allow states to
declare Federal laws illegal.
REMAINDER OF CLASS:
Kahoot Creations!!
Model: Marbury v. Madison
KAHOOT GROUPS
1. Louisiana Purchase
6. Missouri Compromise
1. Lewis and Clark
Expedition
6. Monroe Doctrine
1. USS Constitution
1. Battle of Tippecanoe
1. War of 1812
6. Indian Removal Act
6. Battle of the Alamo
6. Mexican American
War