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WEIGHT ISSUES Food plays a vital role in an individual's life, without it we eventually die. Food is used to socialise with family and friends, having a meal together is not just to simply cure your hunger but also a time to bond and socialise but too often we see that food is abused by Australian youths and they become overweight or even don’t eat enough and become underweight. Tricia Amanoail Describe the various health issues facing Australian youth • • • • • Most of Australia’s youth are healthy although they do suffer from various health issues, these are: Mental health – This is the disturbance in a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviours. It affects how individuals function in all aspects of life. Asthma – This is a respitory condition which involves the airways narrowing, swelling and producing mucus. Asthma can be triggered by cigarettes, exercise, dust, pollen & some animals Diabetes – Covers a range of conditions that causes there to be too much glucose in the blood due to the body being unable to produce the right amount of insulin to convert food in to energy. Sun protection – Australia has one of the world’s highest rates of skin cancer. Around 300 Victorians die each year as a result of skin cancer. • • • • • Drug Use : Alcohol is the highest consumed drug for 14-19 year olds, it may cause bowel, central nervous system and psychological problems it can also put them t rick during driving, assault, falls and unprotected sex. Tobacco is the most commonly used drug in Australians 14 years and over. Smoking causes respitory illnesses, cancers and premature death. Illicit drugs is used at least once by Australians 14 years and over. Health problems such as organ/nervous system damage, psychological problems, mental illness can be brought on by drug use. Sexual and reproductive health – Sexual health is the capacity to enjoy and manage sexual behaviour. Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. Two sexual and reproductive health issues for youth are pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI’S) Describe the various health issues facing Australian youth • • • Food allergies - A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to a specific part of food. It can be fatal for many Australians. Approximately 5% of children and 1% of adults have food allergies. Living independently/homelessness - In Australia youth can legally move out of home at the age of 17, they often move out to live with friends, a partner or a lone, being forced out of home, poverty, unemployment and lack of affordable housing can all contribute to youth homelessness. Cyber safety – Cyber bullying occurs when youths are texting, emailing and even in online chat rooms, it’s most prevalent among 11-16 year olds and the person doing the bullying is intentionally threatening and harassing the other person. OVERWEIGHT • • There are currently over 50% of Australian’s that are classified as overweight. Almost 3 in 10 children and adolescents are either overweight or obese, this figure is expected to increase. Teenage obesity can lead to a premature death and chronic diseases in adulthood such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. UNDERWEIGHT • Being underweight can also cause several health issues. • Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa affect 2-3% of adolescent females. • Males are also affected, with 1 in 10 young people diagnosed with anorexia being males. Affects on the dimensions of health • Social health – When an individual is suffering from an eating disorder they often steer away from other people, they don’t interact with others and they tend to sit alone at school in fear that their peers will judge them. This will affect their development because as they get older they wont have many friends which could result in them living a lonely life and not having anyone to turn to when they need help. • Physical health – This is the efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, it also includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness, so if an individual is suffering from weight issues their ability to perform everyday activities is weakened therefore making it difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle. • Emotional health – When a person is suffering from a weight issue they also tend to shit themselves off from society. Emotional development is the way that people express, understand and exercise control over their feelings. When a person has an eating disorder their self – esteem levels go down because they no longer find themselves attractive or even likeable. • Intellectual health - This is the ability for people to think and reason but when suffering from an eating disorder the individual struggles with reasoning because they are at the extreme levels of their weight issue. Not going to school because of the disorder can also impact negatively on the person’s health. Incidence, prevalence & changes over time - • Experts estimate that one out of every hundred young women has anorexia, while bulimia affects as many as 3 to 4% of 18-25 year old women. According to recent studies, approximately 1% of women suffer from binge – eating disorder, while an extraordinary 30% of women who seek help to lose weight exhibit behaviours associated with binge-eating disorder. Without appropriate medical treatment, up to 20% of suffers will die and even those who do seek treatment, 3% will also die due to complications of their disorder. Out of the three disorders anorexia is the most dangerous physically and has the lowest recovery rate – The disorder involves drastic weight loss, at least 15% below a normal weight. Determinants of health that act as risk and/or protective factors • Risk factors that can contribute to an eating disorder are, hanging around the wrong people who tell you that it’s okay to starve yourself in order to have ‘the perfect body’ or people that binge eat to make themselves feel better. Living near fast food restaurants can also impact on your physical health; the environment you live in. • Protective factors include things such as your family and whether or not they encourage you to eat well in order to lead a healthy lifestyle. Government, community and personal programs or strategies • Australian governments have implemented rules in school that ban junk food and soft drinks, this is to promote good health and to show youth’s that fatty foods are not needed in everyday life. • Personal programs and strategies may include things like surrounding yourself with the right people and making yourself a healthy eating plan. Rights & responsibilities of youth in accessing and using relevant services – • Youths are able to access their own health information and to make complaints about their health service providers. They have the responsibility to co-operate with the team treating them by providing relevant information about your health. They must also treat the staff with respect.