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Geologic
Volcanology Seismology
History
Mapping
Igneous
Petrology
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A large crater, up to 50 km in
diameter, that can form when the
summit or side of a volcano
collapses into the magma
chamber during or after and
eruption is a _____.
caldera
Broad volcano with gently
sloping sides built by
nonexplosive eruptions of
basaltic lava is a _____.
Shield Volcano
Large, sloping volcano built by
violent eruptions of volcanic
fragments and lava that
accumulate in alternating layers
is a _____.
Composite Volcano
Swift-moving, potentially deadly
clouds of gas, ash and other
volcanic material produced by a
violent eruption is a _____.
Pyroclastic Flow
Waves generated by an
earthquake are called _____.
Seismic Waves
What is a small, steep-sided
volcano called?
Cinder Cone
The instrument used to measure
waves generated by an
earthquake is a _____.
Seismograph
Fault in which the hanging wall
moves down relative to the
footwall is a _____.
Normal Fault
The difference between p- and swaves is called ____.
Lag Time
The direction a fault makes when
intersecting the land surface is
called _____.
Strike
The remains or evidence of a
once-living plant or animal is a
_____.
Fossil
Second-longest time unit in the
geologic time scale is an _____.
Era
A gap in the rock record caused
by weathering and erosion is an
_____.
Unconformity
Matching of rock outcrops of one
geographic region to another is
called _____.
Correlation
The principle that states that the
processes, such as mountain
building and erosion, that are
occurring today have been
occurring since Earth formed is
called _____.
Uniformitarianism
What is a satellite-based
navigation system that permits a
user to pinpoint their exact
location?
Global Positioning System
What is a line connecting points
of equal elevation?
Contour Line
What are contour lines that show
circular decreasing elevation
(Hint: another name for
depression contours)?
Hachures
What is the term that describes
elevated land that separates one
watershed from another?
Divide
What is the term that describes
the land area drained by a river
system?
Watershed
What rock type forms from the
cooling and crystallization of
magma?
Igneous Rock
What term is used to describe
fine-grained rock that forms
when molten rock cools quickly
on Earth’s surface?
Extrusive Rock
What term is used to describe
light-colored igneous rock that
contains quartz and feldspars and
have high silica contents?
Felsic
What are rock fragments,
classified by size, that are thrown
into the air during a volcanic
eruption and fall to the ground?
Tephra
What rock texture is
characterized by large, wellformed crystals surrounded by
finer-grained crystals of that
same mineral?
Porphyritic