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 Introduction
 Forms of knowledge
 Knowledge management transfer modes
 The difficult of inter-organizational knowledge
transfer
 Knowledge transfer and communication
processes
 Implications for electronic communication
 Conclusions
 Question
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 knowledge-based economy
a) The
acceleration
in thedirectly
rate of learning
more
strongly
and more
rooted and
in the
change
production, distribution and use of knowledge
b) New organizational structures
than
ever
beforeknowledge intensity of goods and
c) The
growing
services management (KM)
 knowledge
d) The strengthening of intellectual capital , the
 technology
A new managerial
discipline
fusion, and
the information
technology revolution
 Improve the processes by which knowledge
is generated, communicated and used by
firms
 Intra-organizational issues
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 It is practically impossible for a single firm to
internally create all the knowledge required.
 Internal and external knowledge can be
combined.
 The increased importance of external
knowledge sources is stimulating the
development of network organizations.
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 Data may be seen as a set of discrete, objective
facts about events, that may or may not be
pertinent or useful for a particular task.
 Information is data whose form, content, and
time of transmission/reception are appropriate
for a particular use. information can be described
as the ‘contents’ of a message that can influence
the judgement and behaviour of the receiver.
 Knowledge is the combination of information
with the individual’s ideas, procedures, and
perceptions, that guide action and decision.
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 knowledge can take different forms
explicit
tacit
objective knowledge
subjective knowledge
Comes from a
It is quite impossible to
rationalization of the
codify.
information about facts,
It can only be observed
and can be codified in the
through application and
form of formulas, designs,
acquired through practice
reports and so on.
and experience, and is
It is therefore relatively
consequently difficult to
easy to obtain, transfer,
transfer.
and store.
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1. from tacit to tacit knowledge: the process of
sharing experience and thereby creating and
exchanging tacit knowledge.
2. from tacit to explicit knowledge: the process
of rationalizing tacit knowledge and
articulating it into explicit concepts and
formal models.
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3. from explicit to tacit knowledge; the process
by which explicit knowledge is converted
into specific know-how .
4. from explicit to explicit knowledge; the
process of systemizing and converting a
system of formalized concepts into another
one .
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Clearly, the relative difficulty of transferring
knowledge depends on the kind of knowledge
which is exchanged, and this is especially
challenging in case of tacit knowledge.
They may work in different environments,
speak different languages, have different
mental models, different beliefs, and so on.
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The implementation of ElCom systems for tacit
communication is associated with two major
aspects.
a) highly automated communication systems
can’t be used
b) in tacit communication individuals or
organizations share the same interpretative
context
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The development and use of ElCom systems for
tacit communication depends on the elements:
a) the availability of a range of tools, applications,
and technologies for carrying a large variety of
different contents.
b) since the complete automation of
communication is not a realistic purpose, the
development of tools for facilitating a few
specific tasks or sub-tasks, despite restricted in
scope, can be much more useful.
c) although when based on the use of some
standard components, but it is necessary to
customize the specific application in accordance
to the particular needs of the interconnecting
subjects.
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a) Prevailingly
b) Explicitable
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