Download Expressing Your Sexuality Sexual Expression (continued)

PowerPoint® Lecture prepared by Jan Campbell
THE
BASI CS
SIXTH EDITION
Healthy Relationships and
Sexuality:
Making Commitments
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
5
Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
• People Communicate Differently
• Genderlect: a term coined by Doborah Tannen to
categorize the differences in men’s and women’s
language patterns
• Cultures communicate differently
• Communicating How We Feel is Important
• Some people have not been raised in “expressive” homes
and may not have communication skills
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
• Communicating How We Feel is Important (continued)
• Past communication styles may be different in
relationships and a couple may have a difficult time
communicating
• Improving Communication/Improving Relationships
• Learn to share and self-disclose
• Learn to listen
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Characteristics of Intimate Relationships
• Behavioral interdependence
• mutual impact
• Need fulfillment
• social approval and reassurance
• Emotional attachment
• feelings of love
• Emotional availability
• ability to give and receive
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Forming Intimate Relationships
• Families
• Family of origin
• Nuclear family
• Establishing Friendships
• Enjoyment
• Acceptance
• Understanding
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Forming Intimate Relationships
• Significant Others, Partners, Couples
• Fascination
• Exclusiveness
• Sexual desire
• Giving
• Advocate
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Forming Intimate Relationships
• This Thing Called Love
• Compassionate
• Passionate
• There are many different definitions of love.
How would you define it?
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Common Experiences of Love
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.1
Gender Issues in Relationships
• Differences in Communication Styles
• Picking Partners
• Similarities
• Reciprocity
• Physical attraction
• What do you look for when picking a partner?
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Overcoming Barriers to Intimacy
• Dysfunctional Families
• Inhibits psychological growth, self-love
• Obstacles to health
• Jealousy in Relationships
• Overdependence on the relationship
• High value placed on sexual exclusivity
• Severity of the threat
• Low self-esteem
• Fear of losing control
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Committed Relationships
• Marriage
• Monogamy
• Serial monogamy
• Open relationships
• Cohabitation
• Common-law marriage
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Committed Relationships
• Gay and Lesbian Partnerships
• Significant increase in 2000 census – three times the
reported number in 1990
• Probably much higher than reported
• Staying Single
• 37 % of American men
• 41% of American women
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Success in Relationships
• Partnering Scripts
• Most children are raised with a strong script of what is
expected of them as adults
• Society provides constant reinforcement for traditional
couples
• People who have not chosen an “appropriate” partner
may experience a great deal of stress
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Success in Relationships
• Being Self-Nurturant
• Accountability
• Accepting responsibility for personal decisions, choices,
actions
• Self-Nurturance
• Developing individual potential through a balanced and
realistic appreciation of self-worth and ability
• Having Children or Not?
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 5.1
When Relationships Falter
• When and Why Relationships End
• Half of all marriages end
• Many dating relationships will end
• Some end because of illness, finances, unmet
expectations
• Coping with Loneliness
• Reflecting can help prevent similar mistakes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Building Better Relationships
• Elements of Healthy Relationships
• Predictability
• Dependability
• Faith
• Partners interpret each other’s behavior and mood
• Partners find each other interesting and have similar
interests
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Building Better Relationships
• Elements of Healthy Relationships (continued)
• Sexual intimacy
• Shared history and a cherished history
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Your Sexual Identity
• Facts
• All eggs carry an X chromosome
• Sperm carry an X or a Y chromosome
• Estrogen and progesterone are the female hormones
• Testosterone is the male hormone
• Sex hormones play a major role in puberty
• Pituitary gland-gonadotrophins
• Secondary sex characteristics
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Your Sexual Identity
• Sex – biological condition
• Gender – psychosocial condition
• Gender roles
• Gender identity
• Gender-role stereotyping
• Androgyny
• Socialization
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
External Female Genital Structures
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Figure 5.2
Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• External female genitals-vulva
• Mons pubis – pad of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone
• Labia minora – folds of mucous membrane
• Labia majora – folds of skin and erectile tissue that
enclose openings
• Clitoris – female sexual organ, only known function is
pleasure
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Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• External female genitals-vulva (continued)
• Urethral opening – urine leaves the body
• Vaginal opening – opening to the vagina
• Hymen – a thin membrane that may cover the vagina in
some women
• Perineum – the area between the vulva and anus
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Side View of the Female Reproductive Organs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.3
Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• Internal female genitals
• Vagina – a tubular organ that serves as a passageway
from the uterus to the outside of the female body
• Uterus (womb) – hollow, muscular, pear-shaped
• Endometrium – inner lining of the uterus, either prepares
the uterus for implantation or menstrual flow
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• Internal female genitals (continued)
• Fallopian tubes – extending from the uterus, two thin
tubes where sperm and egg meet
• Ovaries – almond-sized structures suspended on either
side of the uterus that produce the female hormones
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle
• Endocrine system
• Hypothalamus
• Gonadotropin
• Releasing hormone
• Follicle – stimulating hormone
• Luteinizing hormone
• Estrogens
• Progesterone
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle (continued)
• Menarche
• Ovarian follicles
• Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Menopause
• Estrogen replacement therapy
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Side View of the Male Reproductive Organs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.4
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• External genitals
• Scrotum – protects the testes
• Penis – deposits semen
• Internal genitals
• Testes – manufacture testosterone
• Epididymis – sperm ripen here in a comma shaped
structure at the back of the testes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
• Internal genitals
• Vasa deferentia – tubules wound in the epididymides
• Urethra – passes sperm and urine
• Seminal vesicles – provides fluids to semen
• Prostate gland – provides fluids to semen
• Cowper’s glands – secretes fluid that lubricates the
urethra
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Sexual Response
• The Process
• Excitement/arousal – vasocongestion
• Plateau phase – nipples and penis erect
• Orgasmic phase – muscles contract
• Resolution phase – profound relaxation
• Refractory period – most men unable to become aroused
following resolution
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Expressing Your Sexuality
• Sexual orientation
• Heterosexual
• Homosexual
• Bisexual
• Homophobia
• Irrational fear or hatred of homosexuality
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Expressing Your Sexuality
• Sexual Behavior: What is “Normal”?
• Heterosexual standard
• Coital standard
• Two-person standard
• Romantic standard
• Safer sex standard
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Expressing Your Sexuality
• Sexual Orientation Multifactorial
• Biological
• Psychological
• Socioenvironmental
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Expressing Your Sexuality
• Sexual Expression
• Celibacy – avoidance or abstention from sex
• Autoerotic behaviors – sexual fantasy & masturbation
• Kissing and erotic touching – nonverbal sexual
communication
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Expressing Your Sexuality
• Sexual Expression (continued)
• Oral-genital stimulation
• Cunnilingus – oral stimulation of the female’s genitals
• Fellatio – oral stimulation of the male’s genitals
• Vaginal intercourse – penis into the vagina
• Anal intercourse – insertion of the penis into the anus
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Expressing Your Sexuality
• Variant Sexual Expression
• Group sex
• Transvestism
• Transsexualism
• Fetishism
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Expressing Your Sexuality
• Variant Sexual Expression (illegal in some states)
• Exhibitionism
• Voyeurism
• Sadomasochism
• Pedophilia
• Autoerotic asphyxiation
• How many of these variant behaviors have you heard of?
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning
• Sexual Desire Disorder
• Inhibited sexual desire (ISD)
• Sexual aversion disorder
• Sexual Arousal Disorder
• Erectile dysfunction or impotence
• Orgasmic disorders
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning
• Sexual Pain Disorder
• Dyspareunia
• Vaginismus
• Seeking Help for Sexual Dysfunction
• Chose a qualified sex therapist or counselor
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning
• Drugs and Sex
• Alcohol can inhibit sexual response
• Tendency to blame the drug for bad behavior
• “Date Rape Drugs”
• Rohypnol (“roofies”)
• Gamma-hydroxybutrane (GHB)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings