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Download BIO CH 14 TAXONOMY
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Chapter 14 - Classification Biology - Program Hamilton High School Why classify living things? • Provides a framework for organization. • We use classification in forestry, agriculture, and medicine. – Example - how can you tell a poisonous mushroom from a non-poisonous one?? Classification • Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities! • Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of living organisms! History • Aristotle was the first to develop a classification system! • Two major groups- the Plant Kingdom and the Animal Kingdom! • Plant kingdom - herbs shrubs, or trees • Animal Kingdom - The Air Dwellers, Sea Dwellers and the Land Dwellers 18th Century • Carolus Linnaeus - A Swedish Botanist developed his system of classification that is still used today! • He based his system on the Latin Language • He based his system of physical characteristics • Two Names- Genus- species The System Of Binomial Nomenclature • Binomial - two NAMES (Genus -species) • Nomenclature - grouping by characteristics • Example - Genus Felis = cat like animals including , the mountain lion, etc…… • Felis domestica - Cat Genus - species domesticated Taxonomic categories- “Taxa” • In Taxonomy, organisms are classified into a series of categories, each one larger than the previous one!! • A Species is the smallest category! It is a group of similar organisms living together, interbreeding in nature and producing fertile offspring! • Ex- Felis domestica Taxonomic subdivisions (Taxa) • • • • • • • • Domain- Eukaryote Kingdom- Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Carnivora Family - Felidae Genus - Felis species - leo (king) The species word is a descriptor explaining the specific type of organism! Six Kingdoms • Kingdom – Archaebacteria– ancient bacterial forms – prokaryote cells – Unicellular Kingdom Eubacteria – true bacteria Bacteria Domain Fungi Kingdom • Decomposers • Eukaryote cells • Both unicellular and multicellular! • More than 100,000 species have been named! • Ex- mushrooms, yeast Kingdom - Plantae • Multicellular • Eukaryotes • carry on photosynthesis! • Containing chlorophyll • inside chloroplasts! Kingdom - Animalia • • • • • Multicellular Eukaryotes Consumers - eat things No cell walls great moving capabilities • body systems - nerves, muscle, bone etc. Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotes • unicellular or multicellular • primitive consumers and primitive producers ! • Ex- planaria, amoeba, sea weeds, Algae, and slime molds! • the end……...
