Download Cubism: art made up of broken angles and planes

Peace,
Prosperity, &
Depression
1920’s Scientific &
Cultural
Movements
Discovery of Radioactivity
Marie Curie
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1867 – 1934
Polish / French
Won 2 Nobel Prizes
1st Female Professor
Discovered 2 new
elements (radium &
polonium)
Died from radiation
poisoning
Theory of Relativity
Albert Einstein
1879 – 1955
 German / American
 Non-practicing Jew who
left Germany for the U.S.
after Hitler took power
 Theories helped develop
the atomic bomb
 Nobel Prize winner
 Renowned humanist &
member of the NAACP
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Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
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1856 – 1939
Austrian
Developed the “talking
therapy”
Believed that all human
motivation was driven by
sexual desires
Developed idea of ego & id
Habitual cigar smoker and
cocaine user
Committed suicide (dying
of oral cancer) by
morphine overdose
Cubism: art made up of broken
angles and planes
Pablo Picasso
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1881 – 1973
Spanish
Extremely successful
during his own lifetime
Ladies man who stayed
very active even into his
80s
Reportedly abusive –
several of his mistresses
committed suicide after
being dumped
Abstract Art: art made up of lines, colors,
& shapes with no recognizable subject
Paul Klee
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1879 – 1940
Swiss
Experimented with many
different forms of art,
including music
Deeply affected by the
death of many of his
friends in WWI
Forced out of Germany
by the Nazis, moved back
to Switzerland
Dadaism: art “without
discipline or morality”
Hans Arp
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1886 – 1966
French-German
Born in territory
disputed by France &
Germany
Faked insanity to
avoid serving in the
German army in WWI
Fled to Switzerland
during WWII
Surrealism: art that attempt to
portray the workings of the
unconscious mind
Salvador Dali
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1904 – 1989
Spanish noble
Eccentric, liked
attention
Kicked out of art
school
Had a famous falling
out with his father
over his art
Too many weird
stories to fit here!
Bauhaus Architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright
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1867 – 1959
American architect
Also designed furniture,
stained glass
Abandoned his family for
a married woman, but
one of his servant then
murdered his mistress (&
6 others) with an axe and
burned Wright’s home
Designed over 500
buildings
Erich Maria Remarque
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1898 – 1970
German, served in WWI
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All Quiet on the Western
Front (1929)
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Eventually moved to U.S.
in 1930s after Nazis
banned his work
His sister was executed
by the Nazis just for
being related to him
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T.S. Eliot
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1888 – 1965
American who emigrated
to Britain at age 25
Poet, playwright, author
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The Waste Land, Murder
in the Cathedral, The
Love Song of J. Alfred
Prufrock
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Nobel Prize winner
Ernest Hemingway
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1899 – 1961
American
Wounded in WWI
A Farewell to Arms, The
Sun Also Rises, For Whom
the Bell Tolls, The Old Man
and the Sea
Avid outdoorsman, warcorrespondent, adventurer
Frequently injured
Suffered from depression
and received electroshock
therapy which led to his
eventual mental breakdown
and suicide
F. Scott Fitzgerald
1896 – 1940
 American
 Lived the chaotic
lifestyle of “The Lost
Generation” - drank
heavily, spent heavily,
and died young
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The Great Gatsby
Car culture
Radio
Movies
Charlie Chaplin
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1889 – 1977
English
Co-founded United Artists
Studios
One of the most successful
actors of all time
Later accused of being a
communist and banned
from entering the U.S. in
1952
Allowed to return in 1972 to
receive an Oscar
Knighted by Queen
Elizabeth II in 1975
After death, his body was
stolen and held for ransom
Mickey Mouse
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November 18, 1928
The Wizard of Oz
Gone with the Wind
The Jazz Age & Harlem Renaissance
Louis Armstrong
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1901 – 1971
American
“Satchmo” & “Pops”
Jazz trumpeter and
singer
First recorded in 1923
Later a big financial
supporter of MLK and
outspoken critic of
segregation
Last hit record was in
1968
Charlie Poole
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1892 – 1931
American (NC)
Considered to be one
of the founding
fathers of bluegrass
and country music
First recorded in 1925
Died of alcohol
poisoning in 1931
“Flappers”
Young women in the 1920s who
defied Victorian morality by
having short “bobbed” hair,
wearing short skirts, and by
drinking, smoking, & dating
U.S. limits immigration
Eliminated all
immigration from
China & Japan
 Strictly limited
immigrants from
Southern & Eastern
Europe
 Begins to move
away from being a
“melting pot”
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Due to fears about the
spread of communism
“Red Scare” of 1920
The United States
 Became
the world’s top
economic power after WWI
 German & British economies had
been wrecked by WWI
 The world economy became
completely tied to the American
economy
Economic Imbalances
Industrialized nations producing
more than there was a market for
 Demand for raw materials dropped
after the war, hurting nonindustrialized nations and farmers
 Factory workers won higher pay,
causing the price of manufactured
goods to rise
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Margin Buying
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Investors borrowed money from banks to buy
stocks
In 1929 nervous banks began to call in their loans
Investors forced to sell off stocks to repay loans
Price of stocks plummeted due to sell-offs,
meaning investors could not sell them for what
they owed the banks
Investors defaulted on loans
Banks collapsed
“Regular” folks who had put their money into
banks for safe-keeping lost all of their savings
when the banks failed
No banks = no loans for businesses = loss of jobs
“Black Tuesday”
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October 29, 1929
The Great Depression
1929 – 1941
 Worldwide economic collapse after
the failure of the American stock
market
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
The “New Deal”
The New Deal’s programs:
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Beginnings of the
US as a “social
welfare” state,
where the
government
assumes
responsibility for
caring for the poor
and needy
Government begins to
insure banks (FDIC)
 Government begins to
provide for the elderly
(Social Security)
 Government began
massive public works
projects to create
jobs
 “Alphabet” agencies
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