Download Airgas template

Chapter 3
Cultural Diversity
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Cultural Diversity
• Diverse groups in society
• Racial classification and national origin
• Religious affiliation
• Languages
• Physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability
• Socioeconomic status, occupational status
• Geographic location
• Culture
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Culture
• Shared system of beliefs, values, behavioral expectations
• Provides social structure for daily living
• Defines roles and interactions with others
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Subculture
• Large group of people who are members of a larger
cultural group
• Have certain ethnic, occupational, or physical
characteristics not common to the larger culture
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Groups in Society
• Dominant group (largest group)
– Group has the most authority to control values and
sanctions
• Minority group (smaller group)
– A physical or cultural characteristic identifies the
people as different
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Cultural Definitions
• Cultural assimilation (acculturation)
– Minorities living within a dominant group lose the
characteristics that made them different
• Culture shock
– The feelings a person experiences when placed in a
different culture
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ethnicity
• Sense of identification with a collective cultural group
• Largely based on group’s common heritage
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Race
• Typically based on specific characteristics
– Skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, hair
texture
• Three major races: Caucasian, Negroid, Mongoloid
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Stereotyping
• One assumes that all members of a culture or ethnic
group act alike
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Identifying Prejudices: the First Step to
Eliminating Them
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Cultural Terminology
• Cultural imposition
– Belief that everyone should conform to the majority
belief system
• Cultural blindness
– Ignores differences and proceeds as if they did not
exist
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Culture Conflict
• People become aware of differences and feel threatened
• Response: ridiculing beliefs and traditions of others to
make themselves feel more secure
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ethnocentrism
• Belief that one’s ideas, beliefs, and practice are the best
or superior
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Culturally Competent Care
• Physiological characteristics
• Psychological characteristics
• Reactions to pain
• Mental health
• Gender roles
• Language and communication
• Orientation to space and time
• Food and nutrition
• Family support
• Socioeconomic factors
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care—Patient
in Pain
• Recognize each person holds various beliefs about pain
• Respect the patient’s right to respond to pain in his own
fashion
• Never stereotype a patient’s responses to pain based on
his culture
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
The Culture of Poverty
• Feelings of despair
• Day-to-day attitude toward life
• Unemployment and need for financial or government aid
• Unstable family structure
• Decline in self-respect and retreat from community
involvement
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
• Care must be sensitive to needs of individuals, families,
or groups from diverse cultures
• The healthcare system is a culture with customs, rules,
values, and a language of its own
• Nursing is the largest subculture of the healthcare
system
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Factors That Affect Culturally Diverse
Interactions
• Cultural background of each participant
• Expectations and beliefs of each person about healthcare
• Cultural context of the encounter
• Degree of agreement between the sets of beliefs and
values of the two persons
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Guidelines for Providing Culturally
Competent Nursing Care
• Develop cultural self-awareness
• Develop cultural knowledge
• Accommodate cultural practices in healthcare
• Respect culturally based family roles
• Avoid mandating change
• Seek cultural assistance
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Which of the following occurs when a minority group,
living with a dominant group, begins to blend in and lose
the characteristics that made them distinct?
A. Cultural imposition
B. Cultural conflict
C. Cultural assimilation
D. Cultural shock
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
Answer: C. Cultural Assimilation
Rationale:
Cultural assimilation occurs when one’s values are
replaced by the values of the dominant culture.
Cultural imposition is the belief that everyone should
conform to the majority belief system.
Cultural conflict occurs when people become aware of
cultural differences, feel threatened, and act negatively.
Cultural shock refers to the feelings a person experiences
when placed in a different culture.
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
Stereotyping occurs when people ignore differences in
the cultures in which they live and proceed as if they do
not exist.
A. True
B. False
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
B. False
Cultural blindness occurs when people ignore differences
in the cultures in which they live and proceed as if they
do not exist.
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Which of the following describes the concept that occurs
when a nurse believes that her own ideas, beliefs, and
practices are the best or superior to those of her
colleagues and patients?
A. Cultural diversity
B. Culture shock
C. Stereotyping
D. Ethnocentrism
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
Answer: D. Ethnocentrism
Rationale:
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s ideas, beliefs and
practices are superior or preferred to those of others.
Cultural diversity refers to the existence of diverse
groups in society with varying cultural characteristics.
Culture shock describes the feelings a person
experiences when placed in a different culture.
Stereotyping is the practice of assuming that all
members of cultural group act alike.
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
The healthcare system is a culture of its own with nursing
being its largest subculture.
A. True
B. False
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
A. True.
The healthcare system is a culture of its own with nursing
being its largest subculture.
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
Culture includes the beliefs, habits, likes and dislikes,
and customs and rituals learned from one’s family.
A. True
B. False
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
A. True.
Culture includes the beliefs, habits, likes and dislikes,
and customs and rituals learned from one’s family.
Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins