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Download can make their own food using energy from sunlight. Ex: Green
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ENERGY & LIFE Ch. 8 Recall from Ecology AUTOTROPHS _____________ can make their own food using energy from sunlight. Ex: Green plants, a few bacteria Remember from Ecology HETEROTROPHS __________________ get energy by consuming other organisms Ex: Animals, fungi, most bacteria Remember from Chapter 7 WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMP Endocytosis Exocytosis WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Reproduction ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to store and transport ENERGY ATP Image by: Riedell CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY 3 PHOSPHATE ____ GROUPS Adenosine triphosphate ATP = __________________________ ATP can change into ADP 2 PHOSPHATE ____ GROUPS Adenosine diphosphate ADP = __________________________ ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ATP ADP + ____ + → ____ Cells ________ STORE energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. The energy to do this comes from FOODS GLUCOSE ____________ like _____________ It’s like recharging the battery ! ADP + ___ + ________ ATP → ___ Research into PHOTOSYNTHESIS began centuries ago with this simple question: When a tiny seed grows into a huge plant, where does all the “new plant” come from? EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT In 1643a Belgian physician Jan van Helmont ___________________ determined the mass of a pot of dry soil and a small seedling. Then he planted the seedling in the pot and watered had it regularly. At the end of 5 years the seedling _____________ gained __________about 75 kg, but the mass of the _________ was almost ________________. soil unchanged He decided the “increase in plant” had to come from the ________… WATER that was the only thing he had added! EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT Van Helmont didn’t realize the major contribution to the mass of his tree was something he couldn’t see… carbon dioxide __________________ from the air. water carbon dioxide Plants use _______ and ______ Carbohydrates to make ___________________ http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_3.html In addition to water and carbon dioxide, chlorophyll __________________ and light energy __________________ are needed for photosynthesis to happen. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Reactants & Products LIGHT ENERGY 6CO2 + 6H2O SUGAR + 6O2 Myth: Many people think that plants are green because they absorb and use green light in photosynthesis, BUT . . . . BUT… We “see” reflected light REFLECTED Light wavelengths that are ___________ off of objects bounce back to our eyes . COLOR That is the ___________ we “see” The dye in this T shirt absorbs all of the except red colors __________________________ Red wavelengths are _________________ to reflected your eyes and the shirt looks RED GO CATS! http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg The main energy absorbing molecule in green plants is CHLOROPHYLL ___________________ CAROTENOIDS _________________ are plant pigments too. (These look yellow, orange, and red) GREEN leaves have BOTH chlorophyll AND carotenoids ALL THE TIME __________________ but the huge amount of chlorophyll ______ hides the other colors and leaves usually look green FALL chlorophyll production In ______, slows as the trees shut down and photosynthesis stops for winter. Then we can see the carotinoid colors that are HIDDEN by chlorophyll usually _______ http://www.litzsinger.org/weblog/archives/email%20AutumnTrees5%20LREC%20102605.jpg PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS THYLAKOIDS = sac-like photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplast GRANUM (pl. grana) = stack of thylakoids Factors that Affect Photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so slow or stop A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. THE BIG PICTURE PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides OXYGEN the _____________ we breathe and the __________ sugars heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive Carbon WATER dioxide + ____________ _____________ Sugars Oxygen _______________ + ____________
