Download Video recording

Video recording:
A data collection method
TOOL 5100
Video-based research
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Emphasis on describing in detail the “wholeness” of what is going
on in a particular activity or situation.
Video-based Interaction Analysis (Jordan and Henderson,1995),
consists of :
– the in-depth micro-analysis of how people interact with one another,
– their physical environment,
– and the documents, artifacts, and technologies in that environment.
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Jordan (1992) used video data to explicate how authoritative
knowledge is distributed in two highly technologized settings:
– an airline operations room, where knowledge is continually jointly
produced
– and a hospital setting, where it is vested in the technology and the
physician.
Capturing Complex, Distributed Activities:
Video-Based Interaction Analysis as a
Component
of Workplace Ethnography
Karen Ruhleder & Brigitte Jordan
1997
Advantages of Video-Based
Interaction Analysis
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creates a permanent data corpus
provides access to behavior invisible without replay
technology
captures complex data
counteracts certain forms of recorder bias
counteracts bias of the individual analyst
avoids the say/do problem
provides access to members' categories and world view
exposes mechanisms and antecedents
Problems in Capturing and
Analyzing Video-Based Data
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Individuals are concerned about confidentiality
Companies are concerned about confidentiality
Video-based Interaction Analysis is time consuming and
expensive
Video-based data is difficult to work with
Incorporating screen-capture ups the ante on time,
expertise and complexity
Camera effects may arise
Advantages 
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The ability to document nonverbal behavior and
interpersonal communication (facial expressions and
emotions).
It preserves the activity as it’s unfolding, so that the data
material can be validated by other researchers.
– Viewing it several times
– Comments from others
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Captures multiple views of a situation.
Enables the researcher to participate in the activity
Limitations 
• Do the recordings manipulate the reality?
• Note: without an exceptionally wide-angled lens, no camera
can record all activity in a classroom
• Capturing too much can also be a problem
• Confidentiality can be a problem
• Time consuming and expensive
– Large amount of data
– Expensive equipment
• Subjects may get influenced by the presence of a
camera
Considerations prior to recording 1:
• Unit of analysis
– Formulating a research problem  unit of analysis
– The most elementary part of a phenomenon to be
studied, and will influence
• Research design
• Data collection
• Analysis
– Individuals vs. groups
– Distributed?
Considerations prior to recording 2:
• Establish guidelines for confidentiality and
obtain permission for videotaping from each
participant.
– Rules for videotaping children under the age of 18.
– Rules for confidentiality concerning storage of data
material.
– Norwegian Social Science Data Services is helpful
here (www.nsd.uib.no)
• Informs and gives advise on both ethical and legal issues
• Reviews research projects and gives recommendations with
regard to the collection as well as the future storage and reuse
of personal data.
Considerations prior to recording 3:
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Camera angle and settings
– Tripod, handheld or a number of cameras?
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Audible and visual conditions
– Wireless microphone
– Sunlight
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Recordings of the activity on the computer screen
– flickering can be a problem
– Additional observation can work as a supplement
Further work for today:
• Short intro in use of camera and accessories at
InterMedia
• Presentation of the case for today…
• Plan how to carry out the video recording
• Simulation (drama )
• Take a look at the recordings
• Questions…?
Case
• A group of two and two work together at one
computer
• We use Confluence
• The task:
– Use sources at the internet to find out about
advantages and limitations in use of video recordings
of children under the age of 18.
– Post this in a space in Confluence
• Two people uses the camera and facilitate the
recordings
Check-list:
• Research problem – Unit of analysis
• Guidelines and confidentiality
• Camera angle and settings (tripod,
handheld…)
• Audible and visual conditions
• Activity on the computer screen?