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Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms Primary Producers •Organisms that make their own food •Carbon fixers •Autotrophs Prokaryotes •Simple cells •No internal membranes •No Organelles •No Nucleus Bacteria •Prokaryotic cells found in large numbers everywhere •Main form of reproduction is mitosis Heterotrophic Bacteria •Non-photosynthetic bacteria •Mostly decomposers •Found in sediment Autotrophic Bacteria •Photosynthetic bacteria on the Earth’s surface •Chemosynthetic bacteria near hydrothermal vents Bloom •An explosion of growth & reproduction of a species due to optimum conditions Blue-Green Algae Phylum: •Cyanophyta •Cyanobacteria Characteristics •Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual reproduction Distinguishing •Prokaryotic, deposits CaCO3 (Stromatolites), top producer world-wide, blue-green pigment, helps cause red tides Stromatilites •Calcium carbonate deposited by bluegreen algae that build up on the ocean floor to make large mounds •Calcium carbonate deposits that build up on the ocean floor •White cliffs of Dover Algae •General term for any photosynthetic organisms that are not true plants Red Tides •Condition when several organisms emit reddish toxins that cause fish kills Protista •Single cellular eukaryotes & multi-cellular algae Diatoms Phylum: •Crysophyta Characteristics •Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual Distinguishing • Eukaryotic, yellowbrown pigment, glass shell, (deposits silicon dioxide), top producer in temperate to polar Dinoflagellates Phylum: •Pyrrhophyta Characteristics •Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual Distinguishing •Eukaryotic, cellulose shell, 2 uneven flagella, bioluminescence, can live within other organisms, top producer in Tropics Other Photosynthetic Protists •Silicoflagellates, •Coccolithophorids •Cryptomonads Protozoa •Heterotrophic or animal-like protists Foraminiferans •Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell Radiolarians •Protozoan with a glass shell Ciliates •Protozoan with hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility Pseudopodia •False feet •Oozing cytoplasm Ooze •Fine sediment on the ocean floor Calcareous Ooze •Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate Siliceous Ooze •Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide Diatomaceous Ooze •Fine sediment from diatom shells Foramaceous Ooze •Fine sediment made from the shells of forams Radiolarian Ooze •Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells Multi-cellular Algae: Seaweed Parts of Seaweed •Thallus: entire structure •Rhizoid: root-like struct. •Stipe: stem-like structure •Blade: leaf-like structure •Pneumatocysts: air sacs Types of Seaweed •Green Algae •Red Algae •Brown Algae Green Algae •Phylum: Chlorophyta •Characteristics: mostly unicellular, bright green, small Red Algae •Phylum: Rhodophyta •Characteristics: also small, red pigment, most species, some deposit CaCO3 Brown Algae •Phylum: Phaeophyta •Characteristics: True seaweed, most complex. Ex: Kelp Sargasso Weed •Floating seaweed •Lacks rhizoid •In Sargasso Sea Seaweed Economics •Food source •Algin •Carrageenan Fungi Lichens •A symbiotic relationship between fungi & algae •Encrusts rocks near sea shore Marine Plants Seagrasses •Eelgrass: Temperate •Turtle grass: Tropical •Manatee grass: Tropical •Surf grass: Binds to rocks in the surf Marsh Grasses •Cord grass or •Spartina grass: found in the marshy area above the highest tides Mangrove Trees •A tropical shrub-like tree that is salt tolerant, can colonize the surf zone, & has above ground root system
