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POLAR COVALENT Water is a ____________________ molecule UNEVEN pattern of electric charge • ___________ + - • ______ & ________ poles Water molecules form _____________bonds HYDROGEN with each other • + from one molecule attracted to – of neighbor STICKY • Makes molecules “__________” HYDROGEN BONDING PRODUCES EMERGENT _____________PROPERTIES OF WATER COHESION • ___________ ADHESION • ______________ “UNIVERSAL” SOLVENT • ___________________________ HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION • ________________________________ ICE FLOATS • ___________________ • HIGH HEAT OF FUSION • THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY COHESION • ___________ HYDROGEN bonding __________ BETWEEN water molecules makes them stick together • _______________ Surface tension Water has a “skin” Tends to “bead up” • Drinking straw http://online-english-lessons.eu/wordpress/2011/06/idiom-water-off-a-ducks-back/ http://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm http://papertowelworld.com/images/bounty.gif ADHESION • HYDROGEN bonding between water and OTHER ________molecules makes them stick to substances ACTION • CAPILLARY _____________________ Water climbs up paper towel MENISCUS • ______________________ PLAY MOVIE HERE HYDROPHILIC WATER “loving” _______________ POLAR • __________ molecules are attracted to water ionic • ____________ “Like dissolves like” • _____________________ HYDROPHOBIC WATER “fearing” _______________ NON POLAR molecules move away from water • ____________ Non-ionic • ____________ “Oil and water don’t mix” • _____________________________ HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CHANGES in temperature Resists ___________ • takes a lot to heat it up • takes a lot to cool it down MODERATES _______________ temperatures on Earth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Globe.png WATER HAS HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION ENERGY required to change from Lots of _______ liquid to gas because water is a poor thermal conductor. http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/evaporation.htm WATER HAS HIGH HEAT OF FUSION ENERGY required to change from _______ solid to liquid http://amitjathar007.blogspot.com/2011/06/why-does-ice-float.html ICE FLOATS ! Most (ALL?)substances are MORE _______dense as solids than liquids. . . . NOT WATER! HYDROGEN bonds form __________ a crystal with loose structure so SOLID ICE LESS DENSE is ______________ than LIQUID WATER. http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/michigan/michigan-ice-fishing WATER FORMS IONS If concentration of two ions EQUAL water is ____________ NEUTRAL is ______, If [H+] > [OH-], water is ________ ACIDIC If [H+] < [OH-], water is ________. BASIC Log scale like Richter for measuring earthquakes A pH = 2 B pH = 5 1000 times _________ more Solution A is _____ acidic than solution B pH = -log([H+]) Log scale like Richter for measuring earthquakes A pH = 9 B pH = 7 100 times _________ more Solution B is _____ acidic than solution A pH scale measures amount of acidity or [H+] -7 7 1 X10 =[H+] pH =___ -4 4 1 X10 =[H+] pH =___ -14 [H+] [OH-] = 10 -6 -8 If [H+] = 10 , then [OH-] = 10