Download Acid-Base Equilibrium

HS130: Anatomy &
Physiology II
Unit 7 Seminar:
Fluid/Electrolyte Balance;
Acid/Base Equilibrium
July 2007
Dr. Grant Iannelli
Adjunct Professor, Kaplan University
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Welcome to the
Seminar!
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Tonight’s Agenda
Welcome
 Course Questions, Problems &
Issues
 Unit 6 Review
 Seminar discussion

Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Course Questions,
Problems & Issues
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Unit 6 Issues to Review
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Fluids
What are the
three main fluid
compartments of
the body?
 Which of these
make up
extracellular
fluid?

Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Water

What
factors
influence
the
percentage
of water in
the body?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Water Gain
 What
are
the three
sources of
water for
the body?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Water Loss
 List
the four
organs from
which fluid
loss occurs.
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Water Loss
 Why
is the
body
unable to
reduce its
fluid output
to zero no
matter how
dehydrated
it is?
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Electrolytes
 What
is the
difference
between
electrolytes and
nonelectrolytes?
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Electrolytes
 Name
the
three most
important
negative
ions.
 Name three
important
positive
ions.
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Aldosterone

How does
aldosterone
influence
water
movement
between the
kidney
tubules and
the blood?
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Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Water Movement

What is the
role of
capillary
blood
pressure in
water
movement
between the
plasma and
interstitial
fluid?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Water Movement

What is the
role of
plasma
proteins in
water
movement
between the
plasma and
interstitial
fluid?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Urine Regulation

Name the three
hormones that
regulate urine
volume.
Where is each made
and what is the
specific effect each
has on urine volume?

Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Fluid Disturbances
 Describe
the
common fluid
imbalances.
Dehydration
 Overhydration
 Edema

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Acid-Base Equilibrium
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Acids and Bases
 What
is an
acid?
 A base?
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The pH Scale

What is the
relationship
between pH and
the relative
concentration of
hydrogen and
hydroxide ions in
solution?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Acid-Base Chemistry
 What
is the
chemical reaction
that converts
carbon dioxide and
water to carbonic
acid?
•What enzyme
catalyzes this
reaction?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Acid-Base Chemistry
 What
is a
buffer?
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Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Acid-Base Chemistry

How does a buffer pair react if more
hydrogen ions are added to the
blood?
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Acid-Base Chemistry

How does a buffer pair react if more
hydroxide ions are added to the
blood?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Acid-Base Chemistry

What changes occur in the blood as
a result of buffering fixed acids?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Acid-Base Balance

Explain the respiratory mechanism of
pH control.
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Renal pH Control

Explain how
the kidney
uses
NaH2PO4 to
remove
hydrogen
ions from
the blood.
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Disturbances
 Define
acidosis
and
alkalosis.
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Disturbances

Explain disturbances of the buffer pair.
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Case Study: Justin Peaks

A mountain climber,
Justin Peaks, spent
several days camped
at a very high altitude
on a mountain. He
noticed that he was
breathing faster than
normal and that he
began to feel nervous,
excitable, and his
muscles were
hyperactive. Suggest a
reason for his
symptoms.
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Case Study: Justin Peaks
 Justin
felt ill
and vomited
several times.
How would
this affect his
alkalosis?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Case Study: Justin Peaks

Because Justin didn’t
feel well, he took
several antacid
tablets, which
contained sodium
bicarbonate. Was this
a good idea? How
would this affect his
alkalosis?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Case Study: Justin Peaks

How would his
body work to
control his
alkalosis and
maintain
homeostasis of
the pH of his
body fluids?
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Questions??
Ask ME or ask your
classmates!!
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC
Thanks for attending!
See you in
discussion!
Copyright © 2007, Grant Iannelli, DC