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Landform Regions Canada’s Diverse Physical Landscape The Rock Cycle…A review Whose “fault” is it??? • Folding--- bending of rock layers • Faulting---movement along a crack (fault) or cracks in the Earth’s crust Three main categories of landforms… • Shield • Lowlands • Highlands The Canadian Shield • • • • Made of igneous and metamorphic rock Started forming 3.6 billion years ago Covers half of Canada Rich in minerals -lead, gold, nickel, copper and zinc LOWLANDS There are 3 lowland regions: • Interior Plains • Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands • Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands Interior Plains • Made mostly of sedimentary rock -sediments eroded from the Shield and the Rocky Mountains • Ancient seas left behind old plants and animals, which under the compression of sedimentary rock made the oil and gas found in Alberta and Saskatchewan • Mostly flat Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands • Made of sedimentary rock • Rolling hills -Glacial deposits (soil, sand,gravel) from Shield dumped in this region • Excellent soils and warm climate make this region well-suited for farming Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands • Layer of sedimentary rock which rests on top of the Shield • Cold, harsh climate is NOT well-suited for farming HIGHLANDS • There are 3 highland regions: • Appalachian Mountains • Innuitian Mountains • Western Cordillera Appalachians • • • • Located in the east coast Sedimentary rock Oldest highland region in Canada Millions of years of erosion have worn down the once sharp peaks • The weight of the glaciers during the last Ice Age pressed the mountains down Innuitian Mountains • Made mostly of sedimentary rock • Little to no vegetation because of the extreme cold • Large areas covered by ice and permanent snow Western Cordillera • Cordillera means “a long and wide chain of mountain ranges” • Youngest mountains in Canada • Contains 3 ranges: -Coast Mountains -Columbia Mountains -Rocky Mountains Western Cordillera continued… • The N.A. Plate and Pacific Plate are moving against one another • Most active earthquake region • Plates are moving at a rate of 2cm to 10cm per year • Very popular tourist area To summarize… • The movement of Earth’s plates and the results of folding and faulting, combined with the forces of erosion and glaciation, creates a beautiful and diverse landscape! YAY FOR GEOGRAPHY!
