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Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth Plant Development and Growth 1. Introduction A. Structure and Function i. Simplicity vs. Complexity ii. Growth a. b. 2. Determinate Growth Indeterminate Growth Meristems • • Primary Meristems Primary Tissues Page #1 Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth A. B. C. D. 3. Apical Meristems • Primary Tissues • Primary Growth Axillary Buds Lateral Meristem Intercalary Meristems General Apical Meristematic Tissues A. Meristamatic Initials • Transitional Meristems B. Quiescent Center C. Protoderm i. Epidermis D. Ground Meristem i. Rib Meristem Pith a. Pith Rays ii. Flank Meristem Cortex E. Procambium i. Forms a. Isolated Procambium Strands b. Continuous Procambium Cylindrical ii. Primary Vascular Tissues a. Primary Phloem b. Primary Xylum Page #2 Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth 4. Shoot Apical Meristems A. Tunica i. Protoderm B. 5. 6. 7. 8. Corpus i. Central Mother Cells a. Peripheral Meristem Root Apical Meristems A. Quiescent Center B. Root Cap Lateral Meristems A. Vascular Cambium B. Pellogen Growth A. Cell Size Increase i. Cell Wall Softening ii. Turgor Pressure Increase B. Growth Direction i. Microtubules ii. Cellulose Microfibrils Growth and Development Concepts Page #3 Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth A. B. C. D. 9. Differentiation Dedifferentiation Polarity i. Preexisting Polarity ii. Environmental Factors iii. Example a. Fucus b. Filamentous Algae c. Angiosperm Development Asymmetric Cellular Division i. Examples a. Leaves b. Pollen Grains c. Root Epidermis Regulatory Mechanisms A. Electrical Currents B. Hormones i. Auxins ii. Cytokinins iii. Gibberellins iv. Abscisic Acid v. Ethylene C. Positional Controls D. Creation of Weak Spots E. Genetic Controls Page #4