Download Plant Growth and Development

Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth
Plant Development and Growth
1.
Introduction
A.
Structure and Function
i.
Simplicity vs. Complexity
ii. Growth
a.
b.
2.
Determinate Growth
Indeterminate Growth
Meristems
•
•
Primary Meristems
Primary Tissues
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Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
Apical Meristems
•
Primary Tissues
•
Primary Growth
Axillary Buds
Lateral Meristem
Intercalary Meristems
General Apical Meristematic Tissues
A. Meristamatic Initials
•
Transitional Meristems
B. Quiescent Center
C. Protoderm
i.
Epidermis
D. Ground Meristem
i.
Rib Meristem  Pith
a.
Pith Rays
ii. Flank Meristem  Cortex
E. Procambium
i.
Forms
a.
Isolated Procambium
Strands
b.
Continuous Procambium Cylindrical
ii. Primary Vascular Tissues
a.
Primary Phloem
b.
Primary Xylum
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Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth
4.
Shoot Apical Meristems
A. Tunica
i.
Protoderm
B.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Corpus
i.
Central Mother Cells
a.
Peripheral Meristem
Root Apical Meristems
A. Quiescent Center
B. Root Cap
Lateral Meristems
A. Vascular Cambium
B. Pellogen
Growth
A. Cell Size Increase
i.
Cell Wall Softening
ii. Turgor Pressure Increase
B. Growth Direction
i.
Microtubules
ii. Cellulose Microfibrils
Growth and Development Concepts
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Botany Student Outline – Plant Development and Growth
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
Differentiation
Dedifferentiation
Polarity
i.
Preexisting Polarity
ii. Environmental Factors
iii. Example
a.
Fucus
b.
Filamentous Algae
c.
Angiosperm
Development
Asymmetric Cellular Division
i.
Examples
a.
Leaves
b.
Pollen Grains
c.
Root Epidermis
Regulatory Mechanisms
A. Electrical Currents
B. Hormones
i.
Auxins
ii. Cytokinins
iii. Gibberellins
iv. Abscisic Acid
v.
Ethylene
C. Positional Controls
D. Creation of Weak Spots
E. Genetic Controls
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