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MELiSSA
The European project of closed life support
Christel Paille
ISLSWG,
ALTEC Turin, 18 May 2015
1
European Space Agency
Outline
•
Closed life support system
•
The MELiSSA project
•
Flight precursors
•
Roadmap(s)
•
Near term achievments
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European Space Agency
Closed Life support scope
With 25 years experience,
Closed regenerative
life support system
ESA is now a key player for :
– Development of key regenerative
technologies to provide
consumables to the crew
– Development of tools to monitor
and control environmental quality
– Development of key regenerative
technologies to manage organic
wastes
Food production
Wastes
management
Water treatment
(grey, yellow, black)
Air revitalisation
– Risk assessment and mitigation
strategy for Life support and
environmental control systems
– Development of tools to
predictably control life support
technologies
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Life support system evaluation
Microbial risk, chemical risk,
quality control
European Space Agency
The MELiSSA concept
4
European Space Agency
Major technology objective
Closed loop (water, air, food)
•
«Mature» system
«Juvenile» system
system
component
system
components
Unlimited
Resources
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Unlimited
Waste
system
Component
system
Component
European Space Agency
Progressive demonstrator 1/3,
ARTEMISS (CIVa)
Selected from ELIPS AO-2006, Phase C/D development started in 2012,
Expected outputs:
• A. platensis growth Kinetics in space environment
• Genome evolution
Micro-AlgaeOxygen
Nutrients +
biCarbonate
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Biomass
European Space Agency
Progressive demonstrator 2/3,
BIORAT 1 (CV-CIVa)
• Link between a
producer CIVa
and the
consumer CV
at gas level
recycling.
• 1 month ground
demonstration
(in 2000) with
predictive
control
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Oxygen
CO
2
Nutrients
Micro-Algae
Proteins
European Space Agency
Progressive demonstrator 3/3,
BIORAT 2 (CV-CIVa + Nitrifying C)
Adding a urine recycling to BIORAT-1 process
 Nitrogen recovery from urine
 Preparation of necessary step for higher plant
cultures and for water recycling
 Dynamic equilibrium of respiratory coefficient
between the photosynthetic compartment and
the consumer
Yellow
Water
Oxygen
CO2
NITRIFICATION
Nutrients
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Micro-Algae
Proteins
European Space Agency
MELiSSA Roadmap
9
European Space Agency
Flight experiment : MELiSSA
MELONDAU & Spirulina Snack
Mission Samantha Cristoforetti & Andreas Mogensen
 BiSTRO: MELiSSA bioprocess recovery after spaceflight
 DEMES: Demonstration of MELiSSA snacks (Crew perception):
 Improve ground production processes
 Prepare the development of in orbit food production
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European Space Agency
Flight Experiment ArtEMISS
Technology to produce Spirulina/Oxygen
ArtEMISS B/C
Expected Output:
 Validation of the Technology and
production processes Batch/Continuous
 Robustness of model and the long term
stability of the compartment in space
environment
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European Space Agency
Education experiment
•
Education experiment aiming at demonstrate that
a micro-algae is able to recycle CO2 from our
exhaled air into oxygen through photosynthesis
on ground and in space
–
1000 schools in Europe
–
12-14 years old Students
–
Ground experiment has been successfully
performed during Samantha Cristoforetti
mission
–
In-flight call was successfully performed
(hosted by a MELiSSA partner)
•
http://rtv.be/artikels/leerlingengesprek-met-de-ruimte-a7157
•
http://deschuurvanscheire.een.be/bel
len-tot-buiten-de-dampkring
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European Space Agency
MELiSSA Pilot Plant
•
MELiSSA Pilot Plant: Demonstration
CIVa/CV
– Closed air loop
– Conversion CO2/O2
– Predictive control
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European Space Agency
MELiSSA Pilot Plant
1. MELiSSA Pilot Plant: Demonstration
CIII/CIVa/CV
2. Closed gas loop CIII/CIVa/CV
3. Conversion CO2/O2
4. Liquid coupling between CIII/CIVa
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European Space Agency
Conclusions
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25 years of ground R&D with a progressive approach to
engineering of complex system
•
Robust characterization of the technologies for successful loop
integration and closure
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Past and current flight experiments demonstrate the need of
application oriented scientific activities in LEO
•
Process initiated for air revitalisation, water treatment and food
production
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Technology demonstrators in development
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More challenges to come….
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European Space Agency