Download PowerPoint Ch. 7: Writing Patterns

Chapter Seven
Good Reading is Like Good Driving
. . . pay attention to what’s coming up!
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Pay Attention to Road Signs
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Six Types of Writing Patterns
Ask:
Which pattern did the author use to organize the
main idea and supporting details?
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Six Types of Writing Patterns
listing / classification /division
compare-contrast
similarities-differences
sequence / time order /
process / series
cause-effect
definition (with example)
spatial / place order
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Listing / Classification / Division
Pattern
According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J.
Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided
into two main types: misdirection and suppression.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Listing or Classification Verb Cues
classify
categorize
divide
break down
separate
group
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Listing or Classification
Word or Style Cues
• 1, 2, 3
• a, b, c
and
also
another
in addition
moreover
furthermore
signs
examples
patterns
types
ways
kinds
classes
groups
categories
parts
elements
features
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Listing or Classification
Punctuation Cues
According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J.
Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided
into two main types: misdirection and suppression.
According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J.
Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided
into two main types – misdirection and suppression.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Listing or Classification Pattern
Stop & Annotate
p. 398 & 399
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Sequence / Time Order /
Process / Series Pattern
The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes.
First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The
digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this
point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Sequence / Time Order /
Process / Series Cues
first, second,
third
now, then,
next, finally
steps,
phases,
series, stages
before,
during, after,
when
dates &
words that
refer to time
instructions
& directions
progression,
process,
spectrum,
continuum
1, 2, 3 . . .
a, b, c . . .
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Sequence / Time Order /
Process / Series Pattern
The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First,
blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive
process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the
angrier we become, the stronger we feel.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Listing or Classification Pattern
Stop & Annotate
p. 401, 402, 403
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to
describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same.
Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may
not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the
other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary
emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional
state.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Verb Cues
defined as
refers to
is referred to as
described as
is called
means
is
is known as
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example)
Word or Style Cues
bold
italics
color
definition list
following a
: , --
in other words
or
that is
i.e.,
(in parentheses)
[in brackets]
for example,
for instance,
e.g.,
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to
describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same.
Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may
not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the
other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary
emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional
state.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Anorexia nervosa, or an eating disorder that can lead to
starvation, occurs most often in teenage girls.
Anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder that can lead to starvation)
occurs most often in teenage girls.
Anorexia nervosa – an eating disorder that can lead to starvation –
occurs most often in teenage girls.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa:
an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.
An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa,
that is, an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.
An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa,
i.e., an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls,
for example, anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls,
for instance, anorexia nervosa and bulimia
Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls,
e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Stop & Annotate
p. 404-405
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Compare-and-Contrast
(Similarities and Differences) Pattern
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Compare-and-Contrast
(Similarities and Differences) Pattern
There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents
Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both
were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents
were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were
southern Democrats and former senators.
On the other hand, there are significant differences between
the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a
wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In
contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Comparison / Similarities Word Cues
similarly
likewise
in the same way
in the same manner
both
also
Comparatives:
resembles
parallels
safer
slower
faster
lighter
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Contrast / Differences Word Cues
in contrast
however
on the other hand
whereas
while
although
however
nevertheless
instead
conversely
rather than
as opposed to
different
differing
opposite
some . . . others
other opposite words
like advantages and
disadvantages
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Compare-and-Contrast
(Similarities and Differences) Pattern
There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents
Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both
were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents
were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were
southern Democrats and former senators.
On the other hand, there are significant differences between
the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a
wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In
contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Stop & Annotate
p. 406
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
The most common cause of anger is physical or
psychological restraint – being held back from something we
intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or
fear can lead to anger.
The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are
diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go
with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One
of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of
adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high
blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as
serious as cancer and heart disease.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Cause-and-Effect Word Cues
reasons
causes
explanations
results
effects
outcome
because
since
therefore, thus
consequently
is due to ___
was caused by___
resulted from ___
___ leads to
___ results in
___ was caused by
___ is due to
___ resulted from
leads to ___
results in ___
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
The most common cause of anger is physical or
psychological restraint – being held back from something we
intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or
fear can lead to anger.
The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are
diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go
with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One
of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of
adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high
blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as
serious as cancer and heart disease.
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
Stop & Annotate
p. 408-410
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Spatial / Place Order Pattern
Stop & Annotate
p. 411
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education