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Chapter Seven Good Reading is Like Good Driving . . . pay attention to what’s coming up! © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Pay Attention to Road Signs © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Six Types of Writing Patterns Ask: Which pattern did the author use to organize the main idea and supporting details? © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Six Types of Writing Patterns listing / classification /division compare-contrast similarities-differences sequence / time order / process / series cause-effect definition (with example) spatial / place order © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Listing / Classification / Division Pattern According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types: misdirection and suppression. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Listing or Classification Verb Cues classify categorize divide break down separate group © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Listing or Classification Word or Style Cues • 1, 2, 3 • a, b, c and also another in addition moreover furthermore signs examples patterns types ways kinds classes groups categories parts elements features © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Listing or Classification Punctuation Cues According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types: misdirection and suppression. According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types – misdirection and suppression. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Listing or Classification Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 398 & 399 © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Pattern The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Cues first, second, third now, then, next, finally steps, phases, series, stages before, during, after, when dates & words that refer to time instructions & directions progression, process, spectrum, continuum 1, 2, 3 . . . a, b, c . . . © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Pattern The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Listing or Classification Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 401, 402, 403 © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same. Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional state. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Verb Cues defined as refers to is referred to as described as is called means is is known as © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Word or Style Cues bold italics color definition list following a : , -- in other words or that is i.e., (in parentheses) [in brackets] for example, for instance, e.g., © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same. Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional state. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern Anorexia nervosa, or an eating disorder that can lead to starvation, occurs most often in teenage girls. Anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder that can lead to starvation) occurs most often in teenage girls. Anorexia nervosa – an eating disorder that can lead to starvation – occurs most often in teenage girls. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa: an eating disorder that can lead to starvation. An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa, that is, an eating disorder that can lead to starvation. An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa, i.e., an eating disorder that can lead to starvation. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, for example, anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, for instance, anorexia nervosa and bulimia Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 404-405 © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were southern Democrats and former senators. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Comparison / Similarities Word Cues similarly likewise in the same way in the same manner both also Comparatives: resembles parallels safer slower faster lighter © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Contrast / Differences Word Cues in contrast however on the other hand whereas while although however nevertheless instead conversely rather than as opposed to different differing opposite some . . . others other opposite words like advantages and disadvantages © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were southern Democrats and former senators. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Definition (with Example) Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 406 © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Cause-and-Effect Pattern © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Cause-and-Effect Pattern The most common cause of anger is physical or psychological restraint – being held back from something we intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or fear can lead to anger. The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as serious as cancer and heart disease. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Cause-and-Effect Word Cues reasons causes explanations results effects outcome because since therefore, thus consequently is due to ___ was caused by___ resulted from ___ ___ leads to ___ results in ___ was caused by ___ is due to ___ resulted from leads to ___ results in ___ © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Cause-and-Effect Pattern The most common cause of anger is physical or psychological restraint – being held back from something we intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or fear can lead to anger. The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as serious as cancer and heart disease. © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Cause-and-Effect Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 408-410 © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chapter Seven Spatial / Place Order Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 411 © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education