Download Reconstruction 2

Essential Question
► What
was the impact of
southern Reconstruction?
Reconstruction
State of the South
Questions of Reconstruction
► How
to rebuild the
South after the Civil
War?
► How
to readmit the
Confederate states
to the Union?
Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan
► Offer
amnesty (pardon) to those
willing to take a loyalty oath to the
United States
► 10
percent of the population must
take the oath = readmission as a state
Andrew Johnson
► Democrat
► From
Tennessee
► Remained
loyal to
the Union when TN
seceded
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
► Pardon
all
southerners who
take an oath of
loyalty to the Union
► Former
Confederate
states could set up
state governments
Johnson’ Reconstruction Plan
► Each
state needed
to revoke secession,
ratify the 13th
amendment
Black Codes
► Southern
laws which
limited African
American rights in
the South
► Intended
to keep
African Americans in
a condition of
slavery
Radical Republicans
► Opposed
plan
► Led
Johnson’s
by Thaddeus
Stevens
Fourteenth Amendment
► June
1866
► Granted
citizenship
to all persons born
or naturalized in
the United States
Military Reconstruction Act
► Passed
by
Congress
► Divided
the
South in five
military districts
► Union
general
was in charge of
each district
Military Reconstruction Act
► New
state
constitutions
► Right
males
► Must
to vote for all
ratify the 14th
amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
►
March 1870
► Right
to vote
cannot be denied
“on account of
race, color, or
previous condition
of servitude”
Freedmen’s Bureau
► Need
for food
and shelter for
freed slaves
► Many
settled on
plantation lands
Freedmen’s Bureau
► Task
of feeding and
clothing former
slaves
► Find
work for them
► Negotiate
contracts
► Began
labor
education
Freedmen’s Bureau
Freedmen’s Bureau
Impeachment of Johnson
► Johnson
vetoed
every policy from
Congress
► Congress
overrode his
vetoes
Impeachment of Johnson (1868)
► House
of
Representatives voted
for his impeachment
► Senate
on trial
► Final
put Johnson
vote – one vote
shy of removing him
from office
Sharecropping
► New
system for
agriculture
► Tenant
farmers paid
rent with a share of
their crops
Sharecropping
► Landlords
–
landowners who
control
sharecroppers
► Crop
liens – crops
taken to cover
debts
Sharecropping
► Sharecroppers
became trapped
because farmers
could not pay
their debts
► Debt
peonage
Republican Rule
Republicans in the South
► By
1870, all former
Confederate states
had joined the Union
► Republicans
held
political power
► Included
freed slaves,
northerners, poor
whites
Carpetbaggers
► Northerners
moving
into the South
► Became
politics
involved in
Scalawags
► White
southerners
who worked with
Republicans and
supported
Reconstruction
African Americans
► First
led by the
educated
► Many
who lived in the
North and had fought
for the Union army
► Became
politics
involved in
Southern Resistance
► Against
political
power in the hands
of African
Americans
► Against
Republicans
leading southern
politics
Ku Klux Klan
► Started
in 1866 by
Nathaniel Bedford
Forrest
► Secret
► Mostly
society
former
Confederate
soldiers
Goals of the KKK
► Drive
out
carpetbaggers
► Regain
control of
the South for the
Democratic Party
► Use
terror
Tactics of the KKK
►
Broke up Republican
meetings
►
Harassed Freedmen’s
Bureau workers
►
Burned homes, churches,
schools
►
Kept Republicans (white
and black) from voting
Letter to the U.S. Senate
“We believe you are not familiar with the
description of the Ku Klux Klan’s riding
nightly over the country, going from
county to county, and in the county towns
spreading terror wherever they go by
robbing, whipping, ravishing, and killing
our people without provocation . . . We
pray you will take some steps to remedy
these evils.”
Ku Klux Klan Act
► Passed
in 1871
by Congress
► Outlawed
activities
of the Klan
► Federal
arrests
Compromise of 1877
► 1876
– presidential
election
► Republican
–
Rutherford B. Hayes
► Democrat
Tilden
– Samuel
Compromise of 1877
► Election
results
disputed in three
southern states
► Results
decided by
Congress
► Rutherford
B. Hayes
won with the support
of southern Democrats
End of Reconstruction
► April
1877
► Hayes
pulled federal
troops out of the
South
► Southern
Democrats
took control of all
state legislatures
Jim Crow Laws
► Southern
states
create laws to
segregate public
space