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THE GLOBE THEATRE TODAY
When, how and who wanted its reconstruction?
In 1987 the theatre was rebuilt thanks to a politico-cultural operation which had a considerable
difficulty and some criticism. The theatre, unquestionably associated to Shakespeare figure,
however, has become the symbol of Britishness around the world and it is at the centre of a
thriving industry linked to the great playwright: there are real tour where you can visit
emblematic places of Shakespeare’s life including the Globe Theatre.
SAM WANAMAKER
The reconstruction of the theatre was strongly supported by the actor and director Sam Wanamaker and began in 1987 and was
be completed in 1997, by which time Wanamaker had disappeared.
What can you do here
The Globe Theatre annually hosts a large theatre season that runs
from May to September, following Sam Wanamaker’s will,
programming each year at least one of Shakespeare’s work
performed by a company completely masculine and using
Elizabethan costumes.
The Prologue Season , which is the very first season of the shows in Shakespeare’s Globe Rebuilt opened in 1996 with The
Two Gentlemen of Verona by William Shakespeare. Nowadays who takes care of the artistic direction of the theatre is the
actor and British director Mark Rylance.
Its reproductions
There are many copies of the Globe in the world. There is
a copy in a park of Rome another in Berlin. In Sweden
there is even a copy of The Globe, built only in ice, which
was made for the Ice Hotel in Laplant.
THE GLOBE THEATRE IN THE PAST
History
The first Globe Theatre was built in 1559 by Shakespeare's
theatre company. To cover the cost of the new playhouse,
James Burbage’s sons Cuthbert and Richard, offered some
members of the company shares in the building.
Shakespeare was one of four actors who bought a share in
the Globe. By early 1599 the theatre was up and running
and for 14 years it thrived, presenting many of
Shakespeare’s greatest plays. In 1613 it burned and it was
rebuilt in 1614, but in 1642 the Puritans ( the religious
group who believed in simplicity and hard work) closed it.
It was demolished in 1644.
Suppose we' re in London. It’s a Summer
afternoon in 1606, outside the Globe… someone
cries “ let‘ s go in!” the ticket costs only a penny.
Inside, the theatre is made of wood. It is Circular
and it has a open roof. Ordinary people stand
below the stage while the nobles sit in the galleries
above…there are almost 2000 people!
On the stage there are no curtains and no
lights (there is not electricity). The play is
Antony and Cleopatra, but the costumes
are ordinary 16th century clothes, and
Cleopatra is a young boy dressed as a
woman! In fact there are no woman on the
stage at all!
You’ve just been in Shakespeare’s time
SHAKESPEARE’S TIME
ELIZABETH I (1558-1603)
Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. In 1534 Henry broke away from the Church in Rome, when the
pope didn’t agree to the divorce from his first wife. He started a new church, the Church of England. Elizabeth was the first Protestant queen.
Elizabeth’s reign is known as the Elizabethan Age. Elizabeth refused to marry, saying that she was already married to her country; during the time
many people saw Elizabeth as a strong ruler. Her Catholic cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, wanted to become queen, and in 1587 Elizabeth ordered her
to be executed for treason. In 1588 Spanish ship tried to attack England. Elizabeth remained queen for two more years until her death in 1603.
JAMES I (1603-1625)
When James I became king, he was already King VI of Scotland, and so for the first time Scotland and England had one ruler.
In 1605 a man named Guy Fawkes and a group of Catholics planned to kill James and destroy the Parliament. The plot was
discovered. From that moment on, James I decided that all Catholics were his enemies. It is believed that Shakespeare wrote
the play Macbeth especially for James because he wanted to write a Scottish play for the King.
SHAKESPEARE‘S EARLY LIFE
Though no birth records exist, church records indicate that a William
Shakespeare was baptized at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon
on April 26, 1564. From this, it is believed he was born on or near April 23,
1564, and this is the date scholars acknowledge as William Shakespeare's
birthday.
From roughly 1594 onward he was an important member of the Lord
Chamberlain’s Men company of theatrical players.
Written records give little indication of the way in
which Shakespeare’s professional life melded his
artistry. All that can be deduced is that over the
course of 20 years, Shakespeare wrote plays that
captured the complete range of human emotion and conflict.
Located 103 miles west of London, during Shakespeare's time Stratford-upon-Avon
was a market town bisected with a country road and the River Avon. William was
the third child of John Shakespeare, a leather merchant, and Mary Arden, a local
landed heiress. William had two older sisters, Joan and Judith, and three younger
brothers, Gilbert, Richard and Edmund. Before William's birth, his father became a
successful merchant and held official positions as alderman and bailiff, an office
resembling a mayor. However, records indicate John's fortunes declined sometime
in the late 1570s
Scant records exist of William's childhood, and virtually none regarding his
education. Scholars have surmised that he most likely attended the King's New
School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics. Being a
public official's child, William would have undoubtedly qualified for free
tuition. But this uncertainty regarding his education has led some to raise
questions about the authorship of his work and even about whether or not
William Shakespeare ever existed.
SHAKESPEARE GOES TO LONDON
London in Shakespeare’s plays
Then, as today London was the wealthiest
and biggest in England. With many houses,
shops, people, and places of entertainment,
London was an exciting city to be in. In
their free time, Londoners often went to
inns, where they could see shows.
Later they went to the new, circular, open
theatre.
Shakespeare arrives to London.
Shakespeare arrived in London at a time when the theatre was
becoming more popular. The theatre companies often asked students
and educated young men to write plays for them, because it was
cheaper than using professional writers.
At that time, theatre companies needed patrons " important" rich men
who gave the company money to put on their plays.
SHAKESPEARE THE BUSINNESSMAN
Shakespeare was a good businessman. He owned
part of this theatre company and two of the
theatre where the company performed :
Blackfriars and the Globe. He soon had enough
money to buy two houses: one for himself in
London and one for his family in Stratford uponAvon.
William Shakespeare’s Works
HAMLET
It is one of the most famous Shakespeare’s tragedies and was written in the summer between 1600 and 1602. It is set in
Denmark
PLOT:
The ghost of the late King killed by his
brother to his son Hamlet appears and asks to
be avenged . Hamlet believes it's better to
find out the truth while making believe crazy
OTHELLO
The tragedy was written surroundings to 1603 the first documented performance took place around November
1604 in the Whitehall Place in London.
PLOT
Othello, a Moorish general of Venice, has promoted Cassio as his lieutenant; Iago, who was hoping for the
promotion himself, makes plots against both Cassio and Othello to exact revenge. Othello has secretly married
Desdemona, the beautiful daughter of theVenetian senator Brabantio, and Iago determines to use Desdemona as the
means of his revenge. Intent on revenge, Iago hatches a devious plan to plant suspicions in Othello’s mind that
Desdemona has been unfaithful to him with Cassio. He orchestrates a street fight, for which Cassio is wrongly
blamed, and is then dismissed from his post by Othello. Desdemona takes up Cassio’s case with her husband, which
only further inflames his suspicions that the pair are lovers.
In the meantime, Iago manages to procure a treasured handkerchief from Desdemona that was given to her by
Othello. He plants it on Cassio so that Othello sees it, then concludes that it is proof of their affair. Maddened by
jealousy, he orders Iago to murder Cassio, and then he strangles Desdemona. Immediately afterwards her innocence
is revealed, and Iago’s treachery exposed. In a fit of grief and remorse Othello kills himself. Iago is taken into
custody by the Venetian authorities.
"A Midsummer Night's Dream" deals with the universal
theme of love and its complications: lust,
disappointment, confusion, marriage. The plot focuses
on three parallel stories: the trials and experiences of
two sets of lovers camping in a magical forest, the world
of the Fairy King and Queen and their elves, and a group
of rough craftsmen attempting to stage a production of
"Pyramus and Thisby" for the wedding of the Duke of
Athens.
Hermia is in love with Lysander, but her father wants her to marry
Demetrius. To escape the arranged marriage, she and Lysander elope
into the woods. Demetrius follows them, and he is pursued by Helena,
who nurses an unrequited passion for him. A love quadrangle develops
among the young lovers when mischievous Puck plays Cupid. "The
course of true love never did run smooth" says Lysander. Meanwhile, a
group of amateur actors rehearses a badly-written play in the woods,
and soon all find their lives changed by the doings of Oberon and
Titania, the warring king and queen of the fairies. Magic, action, love
and humor are the ingredients for this unforgettable spell.
ROMEO AND JULIET
The love story between two teenagers whose families are in fighting. The two
lovers get secretly married but Romeo is involved in a street quarrel in which
his friend Mercutio is killed by Tybalt. in revenge Romeo kills Tybalt and is
exiled to Mantua. Meanwhile Juliet to escape to her parents idea to marry
Paris she takes a drug and she looks like death. Romeo would be advice
about it but there is an misunderstood so Romeo Thinks that Juliet is died, he
comes back to Verona and kill himself in her tomb. When she awakes and
sees his lover's body she takes his dagger and kills herself.
Romeo and Juliet was written between 1594 and 1596
it is set in Verona . It is one of the most famous love
stories in the world taken even as a symbolic value
The play was probably written between the 1596 and 1597
A young Venetian, Bassanio, needs a loan of three thousand ducats so that he can woo Portia, a wealthy Venetian heiress. He approaches
his friend Antonio, a merchant. Antonio is short of money because all his wealth is invested in his fleet, which is currently at sea. He goes
to a Jewish money lender, Shylock, who hates Antonio because of Antonio’s anti-semitic behaviour towards him. Shylock nevertheless
agrees to make the short-term loan, but, in a moment of dark humour, he makes a condition – the loan must be repaid in three months or
Shylock will exact a pound of flesh from Antonio. Antonio agrees, confident that his ships will return in time. Meanwhile, two of
Antonio’s ships have been wrecked and Antonio’s creditors are pressurizing him for repayment. Word comes to Bassanio about Antonio’s
predicament, and he hurries back to Venice, leaving Portia behind. Portia follows him, accompanied by her maid, Nerissa. When Bassanio
arrives the date for the repayment to Shylock has passed and Shylock is demanding his pound of flesh. But Portia decides that Shylock can
have the pound of flesh as long as he doesn’t draw blood, as it is against the law to shed a Christian’s blood. Since it is obvious that to
draw a pound of flesh would kill Antonio, Shylock is denied his suit. Moreover, for conspiring to murder a Venetian citizen, Portia orders
that he should forfeit all his wealth. Half is to go to Venice, and half to Antonio.
Antonio gives his half back to Shylock on the condition that Shylock bequeath it to his disinherited daughter, Jessica.
The Tempest
It is considered the penultimate opera of
Shakespeare’s production and it can be
considered his spiritual testament. The
Tempest finishes with Prospero that
renounces magic with a monologue and many
historians have connected it with
Shakespeare that with this drama left the
theatre.
The Tempest belongs to the group of
“romances” but Shakespeare added fantastic
character and fairy-tale elements.
This drama is one of the great comedy plays by
William Shakespeare. The themes illustrated in the
play are freedom, friendship , repentance and
forgiveness and feature different temperaments
illustrating temperance and intemperance. The plot
starts when King Alonso of Naples and his entourage
sail home for Italy after attending his daughter's
wedding in Tunis, Africa. They encounter a violent
storm, or Tempest. Everyone jumps overboard and
are washed ashore on a strange island inhabited by
the magician Prospero who has deliberately conjured
up the storm. Prospero and Miranda live in a cave on
the island which is also inhabited by Ariel, a sprite
who carries out the bidding of Prospero, and the
ugly, half human Caliban. Various plots against the
main characters fail thanks to the magic of Prospero.
The play ends with all the plotters repenting the
Tempest is calmed.
Genre:
Original story
Tragedy in 5 acts
' The tempest ' by William
Shakespeare is considered the
penultimate opera of its
production and it can be
considered his spiritual
testament. The Tempest
finishes with Prospero that
renounces magic with a
monologue and many
historians have connected it
with Shakespeare that with
this drama left the theatre.
The Tempest belongs to the
group of “romances” but
Shakespeare added fantastic
character and fairy-tale
elements.
Author :
The Tempest
William Shakespeare
Time: 1611 first
Representation in
1911
Theme:
adventure
Set:
Mistery Island
Plot
Alonso, king of Naples, together his crew and with
Antonio, while backing home in Italy, after his
daughter’s wedding in Tunis, encounter a violent
Tempest. This strong tempest causes a shipwreck
and the survivors finish on a strange Island where
lives Prospero. It was Prospero to cause the storm
because many years before he was exiled with his
daughter by his brother Antonio and by Alonso. In
really Prospero was the Duke of Milan. Prospero and
his daughter Miranda live in a cave on the Island
together to Ariel, a spirit that Prospero freed
because it was imprisoned in a tree, and Caliban a
half human.
On the Island the castaways are a plot but fail
thanks to Prospero’s magician. In the meantime
Miranda and Ferdinando (King’s son) falling in love
and for their love Prospero decides to make peace
with his brother ant to renounce magic.
THE TEMPEST
by William Shakespeare
PROSPERO
He is the real Duke of Milan and he is a
magician. He doesn’t live in Milan but he
lives on a small island with his young
daughter, Miranda.
His bad brother, Antonio, sends him on the
island taking his role of Duke of Milan and
Prospero cannot return to the city.
MIRANDA
Miranda is the fourteen-year-old daughter of
Prospero. She is pretty naive, but that's part of
what makes such an endearing figure, Miranda
is a romantic creature, we can think she's a
looser, but it’s not true because when she has
the chance takes her fate into her own hands.
CALIBAN
Who or what is Caliban?
Caliban is the island's only native, he is the
product of the witch Sycorax's hook-up with the
devil. At the beginning Prospero treats Caliban
"with human care“, he teach him to speak, but,
when Caliban tried to rape Miranda, Prospero
get angry, enslaves and punishes him.
"Demi-devil."
"Poor credulous monster."
"Strange fish."
ARIEL
Ariel is Prospero's "tricksy" spirit servant and attends to Prospero's every
need. Unlike Caliban, Ariel has a (mostly) warm and loving relationship
with Prospero, who saved Ariel when he arrived on the island. Even though
Ariel is affectionate toward Prospero, we learn early on that Ariel isn't a
servant by nature; he primarily wants his liberty, but, knowing that it will
come, serves Prospero wholeheartedly and happily.
Ariel is notable for his use of white magic in the play, but also for his
empathy and goodness.
ROMEO AND JULIET
Original story
Genre:
Shakespeare's primary source
for Romeo and Juliet was a poem
by Arthur Brooke called The
Tragicall Historye of Romeus
and Iuliet, written in 1562. He also
could have known the popular tale
of Romeo and Juliet from a
collection by William Painter,
tragedy in 5 acts
Author :
William Shakespeare
Romeo and Juliet
Time: 1594-95 first
published in 1597
Plot
Theme: Love
an unhappy romantic
love of youth
Set
Verona an Italian city
The love story between two teenagers
whose families are in fighting. The two
lovers get secretly married but Romeo is
involved in a street quarrel in which his
friend Mercutio is killed by Tybalt. in revenge
Romeo kills Tybalt and is exiled to Mantua.
Meanwhile Juliet to escape to her parents
idea to marry Paris she takes a drug and
she looks like death. Romeo would be
advice about it but there is an
misunderstood so Romeo Thinks that Juliet
is died, he comes back to Verona and kill
himself in her tomb. When she awakes and
sees his lover's body she takes his dagger
and kills herself.
entitled The Palace of Pleasure,
which was written sometime
before 1580.Shakespeare also
likely read the three sources on
which Brooke's poem and
Painter's story were based -namely, Giulietta e Romeo, a
novella by the Italian author
Matteo Bandello, written in 1554; a
story in a collection called Il
Novellio, by the widely-popular
fifteenth-century writer Masuccio
Salernitano; and the Historia
Novellamente Ritrovata di Due
Nobili Amanti or A Story Newly
Found of two Noble Lovers,
written by Luigi Da Porto and
published in 1530.
Romeo
Romeo Montagues is one of the main protagonists of the tragedy by
William Shakespeare “Romeo and Juliet”. He is the only son and heir
of a prominent family of Verona Montagues, was born into nobility and
has a personal servant, Baldassarre. Romeo is a sixteen years old boy,
handsome, intelligent and sensitive, though it is impulsive and
immature and is proficient in the use of the sword, is also a player of
love poems and in his quest typically youthful love, tries to emulate
ideal love sonnets in vogue at the time. His passion and his idealism
make an appreciated and loved man. Despite living in the middle of a
fight between his family and the Capulets , he is not interested in
violence, his interest is love.
JULIET
Juliet is the female protagonist and one of two title
characters in William Shakespeare's romantic love
tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Juliet is the only daughter of
Capulet, the patriarch of the Capulet family. The story has
a long history that precedes Shakespeare himself.
Mercutio is a fictional character of the
famous play by William Shakespeare
Romeo and Juliet. Relative of the
Prince, the ruler of the city-state of
Verona, is a good friend of Montague,
especially the young Romeo. Mercutio
has a facility to perform in long
speeches suggestive, and is considered
to be a "free spirit“.
MERCUTIO
In the story Tybalt appears as
the nephew of Lady Capulet.
Man very conceited and
always looking for a fight in
the street, will die at the hands
of Romeo, Mercutio revenge
killing.
Tybalt
PARIS
count Paris is a kinsman of Prince Escalus and seeks to
marry Juliet. He is described as handsome, somewhat selfabsorbed, and very wealthy. Paris makes his first
appearance in Act I, Scene II, where he expresses his wish
to make Juliet his wife and the mother of his children.
Capulet demurs, citing his daughter's young age as a
reason and telling him to wait until she is more mature.
THE MERCHANT OF VENICE
Genre:
Original story:
romantic
The protagonists are Saturnine, a
beautiful young nun from a convent
of Forlì and Auretto, a young man
of Florence, "a wise, practical, wellmannered and heard of all things"
in order to know that, having heard
praising the fame, you friar and
become a chaplain in the
monastery where he locked the
young. The two fall in love and, at
least to be able to see, they will
agree to meet every day at a
certain time in the parlor where, to
console and try to curb their ardent
love, they tell a story. At the end of
each story, and then at the end of
each day, the two young men,
alternately, utter a song or ballad.
Author:
William Shakespear
Merchand of Venice
Period:
1596-1598
Theme:
a lost love and a twisted
story
Set:
Venezia in a Italian city
Plot:
The Merchant of Venice is a comedy in five acts, in verse
and prose. The Venetian nobleman Bassanio asks his
friend Antonio, a wealthy merchant of Venice, 3000
ducats to woo worthily rich Portia. Antonio borrows
money jew usurer Shylock that claims as an obligation, if
the sum will not be paid on the day fixed, the right to
take a pound of flesh on the body of Antonio. Bassanio
accompanied by his Graziano, get the hand of Portia
overcoming a proof established by her father. Graziano
bride maid Nerissa Portia. Meanwhile, Jessica, Shylock's
daughter fled with the Christian Lorenzo, subtracting
money to his father, the disinherited. Comes the news
that Antonio's ships have been wrecked and who has
not paid the debt on its expiry. Shylock demands his
pound of flesh. Portia disguised as a lawyer pleads the
cause of Antonio in front of the Doge, showing that
Shylock has the right to the meat without being paid a
single drop of blood, if you do not want to be executed
for attempt on the life of a Venetian. The doge grace
Shylock but confiscation of its assets, which are divided
between Antonio and the Venetian state. Antonio gives
up his part provided that Shylock will face Christian and
tie his assets to Lorenzo and Jessica. The ship of Antonio
arrives into the port without damage.
Shylock
NERISSA
Nerissa Portia's waiting-maid; clever, selfconfident, and coquettish.
Nerissa is Portia's woman in waiting. At the
beginning of the play, she acts as a sounding
board to Portia. She listens to Portia complain
about her life and the unfairness of the casket
contest and tells her to suck it up and be glad
her father was wise enough to plan for his
daughter's future.
This, of course, tells us that Nerissa is a very
practical girl. This must be why she agrees to
marry Graziano if Bassanio can win Portia.
Porzia
Portia is a rich heiress who lives in Belmonte. She is a woman
whose beauty is matched only by his intelligence and his
fame has crossed the boundaries of Venice and Italy itself.
After the death of his father she must get marry. His father,
wise man, had come up with a gimmick to select her suitors
(the choice among the three caskets containing gold, silver
and lead), which will allow it to marry his true love, Bassanio.
He is with 'no doubt the character with greater intelligence,
which he uses to manipulate it for his luck She disguises
herself as a lawyer and can save Antonio in the process in
which Shylock demanded his pound of flesh as in default of
payment of debt.
Bassanio
Bassanio is Antonio's best pal and the lucky guy who lands Portia,
the richest and cutest girl in Belmont.
The thing to know about Bassanio is that he loves his lavish
lifestyle, but he's really bad with money, which is why he ends up
borrowing from Shylock
SHAKESPEARE IN THE MOVIES
There are more than 350 films based on
Shakespeare’s plays. Here are three types of
film version.
Films of Shakespeare’s original plays that are set in the same time
and
place that Shakespeare set play.
For example The Merchant of Venice with Al Pacino as Shylock.
Films of Shakespeare’s original plays that are set in a different time
and/or place.
For example: Richard III with lan McKellen is set in London in the
1930.
Films with similar plotos to Shakespeare’s plays, but not using
Shakespeare’s words and set in a different time and place.
An example is Titanic, which has a lot in common with Romeo and
Juliet.
DIRECTORS, ACTORS in SHAKESPEARE’s FILMS
Laurence Olivier was one of the greatest English actors of
Shakespeare in the 20° century. Henry V, Hamlet and Richard III
were all directed by him. More recent films include a 4-hour,
complete version of Hamlet, directed by Kenneth Branagh, and
Romeo + Juliet, set in a modern California with Claire Danes and
Leonardo di Caprio.
SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE
Shakespeare in Love, about Shakespeare’s love for a beautiful
woman, isn’t based on fact, but the idea for the story came from
some of Shakespeare’s sonnets. It gives us a very good idea of the
Elizabethan theatre
Created by the pupils of 2°F
School Year 2014/2015
Scuola media “ G. Rodari”
Vermezzo Milano