Download Vertebral arch

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
The Skeletal
System
5
PART C
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Fetal Skull
 The fetal skull is large compared to the infant’s
total body length
 Fontanels—fibrous membranes connecting the
cranial bones
 Allow the brain to grow
 Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Fetal Skull
Figure 5.13a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Fetal Skull
Figure 5.13b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vertebral Column
 Each vertebrae is given a name according to its
location
 There are 24 single vertebral bones separated
by intervertebral discs
 Seven cervical vertebrae are in the neck
 Twelve thoracic vertebrae are in the chest
region
 Five lumbar vertebrae are associated with
the lower back
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vertebral Column
 Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones
 Sacrum
 Coccyx
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vertebral Column
Figure 5.14
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vertebral Column
 The spine has a normal curvature
 Primary curvatures are the spinal curvatures
of the thoracic and sacral regions
 Present from birth
 Secondary curvatures are the spinal
curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions
 Develop after birth
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vertebral Column
Figure 5.15
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Vertebral Column
Figure 5.16
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View
Figure 5.17
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Common Features of Vertebrae
 Body or centrum- disc-like, weight bearing & facing
anterior in vertebral column
 Vertebral arch- joins all posterior extensions, laminae
and pedicles from the vertebral body
 Vertebral foramen- canal through which spinal cord
passes
 Transverse processes- two lateral projections from the
vertebral arch
 Spinous process- single projection arising from the
posterior aspect of the vertebral arch
 Superior & inferior articular processes-paired
projections lateral to vertebral foramen; allows vertebra
to form joints with adjacent vertebrae
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Figure 5.18a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Figure 5.18b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Figure 5.18c
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
Figure 5.18d
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sacrum and Coccyx
 Sacrum
 Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae
 Coccyx
 Formed from the fusion of three to five
vertebrae
 “Tailbone,” or remnant of a tail that other
vertebrates have
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sacrum and Coccyx
Figure 5.19
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Bony Thorax
 Forms a cage to protect major organs
 Consists of three parts
 Sternum
 Ribs
 True ribs (pairs 1–7)
 False ribs (pairs 8–12)
 Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)
 Thoracic vertebrae
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Bony Thorax
Figure 5.20a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings