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Unit 3 Europe Emerges, 600-1200 Chapter 10 “Medieval” Byzantium’s conflict with Islam helped inspire Western Europe in the 11th century. Byzantium inherited a confidence of Roman Empire while Western Europe could not achieve political unity and suffered economic decline. The Byzantine Empire 600-1200 An Empire Beleaguered Eastern Empire supreme legal and religious authority. Why? Conversion of IslamSchism (Latin Church v. Orthodox Church) Society and Urban Life Byzantine decline, not as rapid as in the west. Rigid family life Emperors intervened in economy Cities suffered Western Europe Declines rapidly Barter Population urbanization Cultural Achievements Body of Civil Law Domed Buildings Cyrillic script spread Early Medieval Europe, 600-1000 From the Roman Empire to Germanic Kingdoms In the 5th century Roman Empire broke down. _________ ruled a number of different kingdoms. Invasions: In the 8th century Carolingians united Frankish kingdoms: Gaul, Germany, Italy Vikings (late 8th and 9th centuries) Invaded: France, England, and Spain Norman William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066. He also expelled the ________ from Sicily in 1060 A Self-Sufficient Economy Decline of Roman Empire led to: 1. 2. Self sufficient and reliant on “small Germanic traditions” Manors Lords Fief (became hereditary) vassal serfs Early Medieval Society in the West A class of nobles emerged into _______. Feudalism Landowning and military service became inseparable. Why? Military service lead to new ________. This was expensive, therefore knights needed land to support themselves. Kings were weak because: The lord’s manor was the government Noble women were pawns in marriage politics. The Western Church The Roman noble lost control of the papacy The Catholic Church became a force of _____ in the fragmented Medieval Europe. Church deals with issues such as: Politics and the Church Merging of powers between church and state Holy Roman Empire 962 Charlemagne Pope Gregory VII makes a bold move Investiture Controversy How was this resolved? Concordat of Worms 1122 Henry II tried to bring the church under control as part of his general effort to strengthen his power. Monasticism Originally developed in Egypt. 1. 2. 3. Regular v. Secular clergy Benedictine abbey of Cluny: They also served as ____, _____, _______. Kievan Russia, 900-1200 Russia runs from the Black and Caspian Seas in the south to the Baltic and White Seas in the north. Russia was inhabited by: Slavs, Finns, and Turks. Forest dwellers, steppe nomads, and farmers traded with each other. Long distance trade linked Russia to the Silk Road. Kiev and Novgorod In 980 Vladimir I became Grand Prince of Kiev. What did he choose as the official state religion? Why? Adopted culture of Byzantine Internal political struggles and conflict with external foes led to a decline in Kievan Russia after 1100. Society and Culture Depended on trading instead of agriculture. Why? Social status higher than peasants. Small population. Christianity spread slowly. Western Europe Revives, 1000-1200 Slow population increase, money based economy, new technology Population doubled; kings gained power Cities and Rebirth of Trade Cities turned to manufacturing and runaway serfs increased population A year and a day Trade Italy, Venice= Flanders= Coins The Crusades, 1095-1204 Israel/Jordan/Palestine= “Holy Land” Under Muslim control for centuries; tolerance/everyone is welcome Turkish nomads became a threat to Christians The Roots of the Crusades Reasons: Pope Urban II (1095) The Impact of the Crusades Limited impact on Muslim world. Why? Effects: