Download 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont`d

HIV/AIDS & Viral Hepatitis
In the Criminal Justice
Profession
TCOLE Course # 3804
Texas Commission On Law Enforcement and Texas Department of State Health Services
AND
BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint
UNIT ONE
ADMINISTRATIVE
• Please complete the BCCO PCT #4
Registration form and turn it in now.
• Make sure you sign TCOLE Report of
Training (PID#, Full Name and DOB).
• All cell phones off please – pay
attention to course materials and show
common respect & courtesy.
About Your Instructor
Course Facilitator - Mentor
George D. Little
A.S. & B.S. Criminal Justice & Sociology
B.S.CJ Wayland Baptist University, San Antonio
M.S. Criminology & Counter-Terrorism University of the
State of New York
2012 T.C.L.E.O.S.E. Professional Achievement Award
Certified Crime Prevention Specialist (C.C.P.S.)
TCLEOSE Basic Instructor Certificate 1984
TCLEOSE Master Peace Officer 1991
MP Special Operations Operator Counter-Terrorism 1988
Graduate Drug Enforcement Administration Academy 1977
43- years Law Enforcement Experience
40-Years Teaching & Instructor Experience
COURSE/LESSON
OVERVIEW
The purpose of this course is to
educate individuals on matters
pertaining to communicable
diseases such as HIV/AIDS, HBV,
and HCV which impacts the
criminal justice profession.
Learning Objectives
Learning Objective 1.0: The participant will
be able to understand and explain relevant
terms and definitions of HIV/AIDS, HBV and
HCV
Learning Objective 1.1 :The participant will
be able to write general statements
regarding HIV.
Learning Objective 1.2 :The participant will
be able to to list and describe the general
stages of HIV infection.
Learning Objectives
Learning Objective 1.3 :The participant will
be able to write general statements regarding
AIDS.
Learning Objective 1.4 :The participant will
be able to describe in writing, the relationship
between HIV and AIDS.
Learning Objective 1.5 :The participant will
be able to write general statements regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV).
Learning Objective 1.6 :The participant will be
able to write general statements regarding Hepatitis B
(HBV).
Learning Objectives
Learning Objective 1.7 :The participant will
be able to describe the relationship between
acute and chronic HBV infection.
Learning Objective 1.8 :The participant will
be able to write general statements regarding
HCV.
Learning Objective 1.9 :The participant will
be able to describe the relationship between
acute and chronic HCV infection.
FORWARD
The occurrence of communicable
diseases has dramatically affected
every part of the justice system
worldwide; Legal, law enforcement
and custody issues. HIV, AIDS,
hepatitis, and other sexual
transmitted diseases (STDs) are big
problems in the judicial system.
Acknowledgement
This course is developed by the
Texas Commission on Law
Enforcement (TCOLE) for
presentation to any individual
associated with or employed by
any entity of the criminal justice
system.
Unit One
1.0 Functional Area: This section
will introduce the participant to
HIV/AIDS, HBV, and HCV. The
participant will master an
understanding of the relevant
terms and definitions of HIV/AIDS,
HBV and HCV.
Learning Objective
1.1 Learning Objective: The
participant will be able to
write general statements
regarding HIV.
1.1 General Statement (HIV)
A. What is HIV?
H = ________
I = _________________
V = __________
1.1 General Statement (HIV)
Cont’d
B. Virus that causes _________
C. Once a person is infected, they
can immediately transmit ____
to another person
1.1 General Statement (HIV)
Cont’d
D. Destroys the body's ability to
________ infections and
certain cancers by killing or
damaging cells of the body's
immune system
E. A person ________ may remain
without symptoms for a long
period of time
1.1 General Statement (HIV)
Cont’d
F. There is no cure for _____. Once
an individual becomes infected with
HIV the person is infected for life.
_______ to fight both HIV infection
and its associated infections and
cancers are currently available.
1.1 General Statement (HIV) Cont’d
G. Increased understanding of HIV
________ progression, refinement
and acceptance of holistic
therapies, availability of
sophisticated testing, ability to
prevent or reduce the impact of
opportunistic infections, and
potent treatment therapies have
made HIV an increasingly
manageable chronic disease.
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.1: Write four out of seven general
statements regarding HIV
Process:
17
Learning Objective
1.2 Learning Objective: The
participant will be able to
list and describe the
general stages of HIV
infection.
1.2 General Stages of HIV
Infection.
A. There are general ________ of
HIV infection that one may go
through before AIDS develops.
1.2 General Stages of HIV
Infection…Cont’d
B. Infection. The earliest stage is
right after ______________ with HIV.
HIV can infect ______ and copy itself
before the immune system has
started to respond.
Individuals may feel _____-like
symptoms during this time.
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
Infection
HIV enters the _______________ and
begins to take up residence in the
cells.
People with HIV are considered to be
_________ immediately after infection
with the virus.
Infection
– Cont’d
Although some studies suggest that
the level of infectivity varies over time
depending on the stage of the disease
in which the person is, it is not
____________ for most HIV-infected
people to find out what their level of
infectivity is.
A person with ____ is infectious at all
times. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
Infection
– Cont’d
Also, a person does not need to have
symptoms or look sick to have HIV.
In fact, people may look perfectly
healthy for many years despite the
fact that they have HIV in their
bodies.
The only way to find out if a person is
infected is by taking an HIV
antibody test.
C. Response. The next stage is the
_______ responds to the virus.
Even if a person doesn’t feel any
different, their body is trying to fight
the virus by making ___________
against it.
This is called _____-____________,
when a person goes from being HIV
negative to HIV positive.
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
1.2 General Stages of HIV
Infection…Cont’d
D. No symptoms. HIV infected
individuals may enter a ________ in
which they have no symptoms.
This is called __________ infection.
They still have _____ and it may be
causing damage that they can’t feel.
1.2 General Stages of HIV
Infection…Cont’d
E. Symptoms. Symptomatic HIV
infection is when symptoms are
developed, such as certain infections,
including _____.
F. AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when
you have a variety of symptoms,
infections, and specific test results.
There is no ________ test to
diagnose AIDS.
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
Primary HIV infection FACTS
Primary HIV infection is the first
stage of HIV _______, when the virus
first establishes itself in the body.
Some researchers use the term acute
HIV infection to describe the period of
time between when a person is first
infected with HIV and when antibodies
against the virus are produced by
body (usually ___-12 weeks).
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
Within the first 72 hours after
exposure, ______- _______________
____________ (PEP) may be possible.
Up to 70% of people newly infected
with HIV will experience some "flu-like"
symptoms
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
These symptoms, which usually last
no more than a few days, might
include:
__________,
__________,
________ __________ and
____________
(not cold-like symptoms).
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
The remaining percentage of people
either do not experience "acute
infection," or have symptoms so
_____ that they may not notice them.
Given the general character of the
symptoms of acute infection, they can
easily have causes _______ than HIV,
such as a flu infection.
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
For example, if you had some risk for
HIV a few days ago and are now
experiencing flu-like symptoms, it
might be possible that HIV is
responsible for the symptoms, but it is
also possible that you have some
other _______ __________
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
During acute HIV infection, the _____
makes its way to the lymph nodes, a
process which is believed to take three
to five days.
Then HIV actively reproduces and
releases new virus particles into the
_______________.
This burst of rapid _____ replication
usually lasts about two months.
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d
Scientists disagree about whether
anti-____ treatment is useful during
primary HIV infection, and there is little
information from clinical trials.
Most HIV specialists believe that early
highly active ______________ therapy
(HAART) is useful, and that its
benefits likely outweigh the
disadvantages of no treatment.
Some doctors are treating newly HIVinfected people with a combination of
anti-HIV drugs.
While many researchers are optimistic
about early anti-HIV treatment, they
are also concerned about ______ side
effects, long-term effects and the
possibility of developing drug-resistant
virus if people use powerful anti-HIV
drugs before they become ill due to
HIV disease
Some researchers think that if HIV
replication can be slowed down early
in the course of disease, it will take
longer before a person develops AIDS
Several studies have shown that low
blood viral load levels in the early
stages of HIV disease are associated
with less severe illness and slower
disease progression.
Some even think that it might be
possible to eradicate, or completely kill
off HIV, if treatment is started very
early.
So far, though, complete HIV
eradication has not occurred, and
most doctors recommend that anti-HIV
treatment should be continued
indefinitely once it is started.
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.2: List and describe general stages of
HIV infection.
Process:
38
Learning Objective
1.3 Learning Objective:
The student will be able to
write general statements
regarding AIDS.
1.3 What is AIDS?
A = ____________
I = ______________D = ____________
S = ____________
1.3 General Statements
(AIDS)
A. __________ is the common
abbreviation for Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
B. The term AIDS applies to the
most advanced stages of ______
infection
1.3 General Statements
(AIDS) – Cont’d
C. AIDS is the result of the natural
progression of HIV ____________
D. The acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) was first
recognized in __________
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.3: Write general statements regarding
AIDS
Process:
43
Learning Objective
1.4 Learning Objective: The
participant will be able to
describe in writing, the
relationship between HIV and
AIDS
1.4 Relationship Between
HIV and AIDS
A. Individuals don’t transmit _______
they transmit HIV.
B. As a result of HIV, _________ that
are allowed because of the immune
system breakdown are called
“opportunistic infections.” These
infections generally do not affect
healthy people.
1.4 Relationship Between
HIV and AIDS – Cont’d
C. The definition or diagnosis of AIDS
includes all HIV-infected people who
have fewer than _____ CD4+ T cells
per cubic millimeter of blood. (Healthy
adults usually have CD4+ T-cell
counts of 1,000 or more.) Or a
diagnosis of two or more of 26 clinical
conditions that affect people with
advanced HIV disease.
1.4 Relationship Between
HIV and AIDS – Cont’d
D. Common opportunistic infections
associated with HIV are:
1. _______________ __________
____________ (PCP)
2. ____________ Sarcoma (KS)
3. __________________ (TB)
1.4 Relationship Between
HIV and AIDS – Cont’d
E. HIV infection progresses in each
individual ______________; individual
immune systems, health behaviors,
resources, and chance all contribute
to the course of infection.
1.4 Relationship Between
HIV and AIDS – Cont’d
F. How would I know if I have HIV?
1. The only sure way to know your
status is to be __________
2. The most common test is an
____________ test
3. The antibody test (EIA) detects
_____________ in most persons
within 6 weeks to 3 months
1.4 Relationship Between
HIV and AIDS – Cont’d
F. How would I know if I have HIV?
4. Any positive antibody test must
be confirmed with a second type of
test, the ______________ Blot
5. Both tests (EIA and Western Blot)
must be _________ for someone to
be told s/he has HIV
Split Decision
Split Decision Video
Split Decision intends to open the
lines of communication in
relationships as it relates to the rapidly
spreading HIV virus. This is a five
minute short film of a longer piece of
work directed by Sanedria Arne’
Porter, writer/director originally from
Winston-Salem, N.C. currently
residing in Atlanta, Georgia. This short
film was written by Sanedria Arne'
Potter & Kirk A. Moore.
VIDEO NOT AVAILABLE
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.4: Describe in writing the relationship
between HIV and AIDS.
Process:
54
Learning Objective
1.5 Learning Objective: The
participant will be able to
write general statements
regarding Hepatitis A
(HAV).
1.5 General Statements
Regarding Hepatitis A (HAV)
A. ___________ is a disease that
causes inflammation of the liver
B. The _________ is an organ
that helps your body digest food
and acts as a filter for poisons or
anything toxic in the body
1.5 General Statements Regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV) – Cont’d
C. The liver is it located in the
upper right quadrant of the
abdomen, tucked up under your rib
cage.
D. Hepatitis A (HAV) is a _______
disease caused by the Hepatitis A
virus
1.5 General Statements Regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV) – Cont’d
E. __/__ of Americans have
evidence of past HAV infection
F. It is found in the ______ (feces)
or persons infected with HAV
1.5 General Statements Regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV) – Cont’d
G. It is usually spread when a
person eats food or drinks water
that has been contaminated with
the _______ of someone with HAV
H. It is important to wear _______
when handling inmate linen or
clothing
1.5 General Statements Regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV) – Cont’d
I. Signs & Symptoms of HAV:
1. Persons may not have any
_____________ (older persons are
more likely to have symptoms than
children).
1.5 General Statements Regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV) – Cont’d
I. Signs & Symptoms of HAV:
2. If symptoms are present, they
usually occur quickly and may include
fever, tiredness, and loss of appetite,
nausea, abdominal discomfort,
____________ and dark urine
1.5 General Statements Regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV) – Cont’d
I. Signs & Symptoms of HAV:
3. The average incubation time
from exposure to symptoms is
____ days (15-50 days)
4. Symptoms usually last less
than ___ months
1.5 Signs and Symptoms
Long Term Effects of HAV
There is no chronic (long-term)
infection
One you have had hepatitis A,
you __________ get it again
There is a ____________ for
hepatitis
1.5 Signs and Symptoms
Long Term Effects of HAV
If you have been exposed,
Immune globulin can be given
to prevent infection (within ____
days of exposure)
About ____% of people infected
with HAV will have prolonged or
relapsing symptoms over a 6-9
month period
SYMPTOMS Review
• If symptoms are present, they
usually occur quickly and may
include:
Fever
Tiredness
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Abdominal Discomfort Jaundice
Dark urine
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.5: Write general statements regarding
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Process:
66
Learning Objective
1.6 Learning Objective: The
student will be able to write
general statements regarding
Hepatitis B (HBV).
1.6 general statements
regarding Hepatitis B (HBV)
A. HBV is the common abbreviation
for hepatitis ___ virus.
B. Hepatitis B is an inflammation of
the _____ caused by infection with the
hepatitis B virus
1.6 general statements regarding
Hepatitis B (HBV) – Cont’d
C. HBV has both acute (new, shortterm) and ________ __________
(ongoing, long-term).
D. The severity of the disease can
range from mild or unapparent to
severe or even ________.
1.6 general statements regarding
Hepatitis B (HBV) – Cont’d
E. Hepatitis B vaccination is
recommended for all unvaccinated
______________, all unvaccinated
adults at risk for HBV infection, and all
adults seeking protection from HBV
infection.
1.6 general statements regarding
Hepatitis B (HBV) – Cont’d
F. Transmission:
1. Contacting blood/body _____
containing blood if you are not
immune (via vaccine/ prior infection)
2. Having sex with an ________
person without using a condom
3. Sharing __________ to inject
drugs or “works” (spoons, cotton,
water)
1.6 general statements regarding
Hepatitis B (HBV) – Cont’d
G. Symptoms:
1. ____________ (eyes and/or
skin), loss of appetite, nausea,
vomiting, fever, stomach or joint pain
and fatigue lasting weeks or months
2. The average incubation
period (from exposure to symptoms)
is approximately ____ months
Review What is Hepatitis B?
•
Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver
caused by infection with the hepatitis B
virus (HBV)
•
Hepatitis B is spread through contact with
infected blood (usually through sex or
sharing needles/works)
•
HBV has both acute (new, short-term) and
chronic stages (ongoing, long-term)
•
The severity of the disease can range from
mild or unapparent to severe or even fatal
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.6: Write general statements regarding
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Process:
74
Learning Objective
1.7 Learning Objective:
The student will be able to
describe the relationship
between acute and
chronic HBV infection.
1.7 the relationship
between acute and chronic
HBV infection.
A. Acute hepatitis B occurs ________
after exposure to the virus.
B. Chronic hepatitis B is an infection
with HBV that lasts longer than ___
months. Once the infection becomes
chronic, it may never go away
completely.
1.7 the relationship between acute
and chronic HBV infection…Cont’d
C. About ____% of people who are
infected are able to fight off the virus
so their infection never becomes
chronic.
D. The younger you are when you
become infected with the hepatitis B
virus, the more likely you are to
develop __________ hepatitis B.
Relationship between Acute &
Chronic HBV
• Acute hepatitis B occurs shortly after
exposure to the virus
• Chronic hepatitis B is an infection that lasts
longer than 6 months
• About 85% of people who are infected are able
to fight off the virus so their infection never
becomes chronic
• The younger you are when you
become infected with the hepatitis B virus, the
more likely you are to develop chronic
hepatitis B
1.7 the relationship between acute and chronic HBV infection…Cont’d
1.7 the relationship between acute
and chronic HBV infection.
• The Hepatitis B vaccine is the best protection
against HBV
• Immune globulin can be given within 7 days if
you are exposed to HBV and not vaccinated.
You should also be given the first dose of HBV
vaccine
• Three doses are needed for complete protection
(0, 1-2, 4-6 months)
1.7 the relationship between acute and chronic HBV infection…Cont’d
1.7 HBV Vaccine
• Most young adults and children have been
vaccinated against HBV by the age of 2 (or 1218 years of age if not vaccinated as a child)
• The CDC, the National Commission on
Correctional Health Care and the Society of
Correctional Physicians recommend that
correctional officers and correctional health
care workers be vaccinated against HBV
1.7 the relationship between acute and chronic HBV infection…Cont’d
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.7: Describe the relationship between
acute and chronic HBV infection
Process:
81
Learning Objective
1.8 Learning Objective:
The student will be able to
write general statements
regarding Hepatitis C
(HCV).
1.8 General Statements
regarding HCV
A. HCV is the common
abbreviation for hepatitis ___ virus.
B. Hepatitis C is an inflammation
of the ______ caused by infection
with the hepatitis C virus.
1.8 General Statements
regarding HCV…Cont’d
C. HCV is the most common
chronic ______ borne viral infection
in the United States.
D. HCV is the #1 cause of chronic
_______ disease and liver
transplants.
1.8 General Statements
regarding HCV…Cont’d
E. HCV has both ________ and
________ stages.
F. There is no vaccine to prevent
hepatitis ___.
1.8 General Statements
regarding HCV…Cont’d
G. Symptoms:
1. Most persons with HCV do
not have ____________
2. Many persons with chronic
HCV have mild to moderate liver
damage but do not feel ________
1.8 General Statements
regarding HCV…Cont’d
G. Symptoms – Cont’d:
3. Some people with an acute
infection will have _________ (skin
and/or eyes) or mild flu-like
symptoms
4. Most people with chronic
HCV will only have mild to
moderate ________ disease
1.8 General Statements
regarding HCV…Cont’d
G. Symptoms – Cont’d:
5. Symptoms may include
____________,
____________,
loss of ____________ and
____________
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.8: Write general statements regarding
HCV
Process:
89
Learning Objective
1.9 Learning Objective:
The student will be able to
describe the relationship
between acute and
chronic HCV infection.
1.9 relationship between
acute and chronic HCV
infection
A. Most persons with acute infection
experience few, if any, symptoms and
are unaware they’re infected.
B. There is no treatment for acute
hepatitis ___.
1.9 relationship between
acute and chronic HCV
infection…Cont’d
C. Out of 100 persons infected with
HCV, approximately 15-25 will
spontaneously __________ the virus
without treatment. The other 75-85 go
on to develop chronic infection.
1.9 relationship between
acute and chronic HCV
infection…Cont’d
D. Over time HCV may cause your
liver to stop working and a new liver
from a ___________ may be needed.
E. Antiviral ___________ for chronic
hepatitis C are available.
Natural History of HCV
Infection
100 People
15%
Resolve (15)
85%
Chronic (85)
80%
Stable (68)
20%
Cirrhosis (17)
75%
Stable (13)
25%
Mortality (4)
Leading Indication for Liver Transplant
Time
DEFINE & PROCESS
Define 1.9: Describe the relationship between
acute and chronic HCV infection.
Process:
96
Questions?
SOURCES
All Course
Sources
and/or
Resources
are listed
in your
Participant
Handout
HIV-AIDS & Viral
Hepatitis in CJ
Profession
TCOLE Course # 3271
Bexar County Constable Office PCT#4
“Knowledge is
“POWER” Stay
informed, stay
SAFE, stay
Vigilant & stay
Alive”
UPCOMING TRAINING
Bexar County Constable’s Office PCT#4
TRAINING SCHEDULE
2014
Current TRAINING Schedule of Courses
offered by
Bexar County Constable’s Office
PCT#4
Racial Profiling Course – TCOLE Course
#3256 (4-hrs) 4-hrs on Saturday October 4th,
2014 from 10:30 am to 2:30 pm.
Racial Profiling Course – TCOLE Course
#3256 (8-hrs) on Friday October 10, 2014
from 11:00 am to 3:00 pm
100
Advanced TCOLE Instructor Course – TCOLE #1017
(40hrs), Day One Saturday November 1st ,2014 from 11:00
am to 6:00 pm (Deputy Chief George D. Little and Deputy
Constable Roland Berg)
Advanced TCOLE Instructor Course – TCOLE #1017, Day
Two Sunday November 2nd ,2014 from 11:00 am to 6:00
pm (Deputy Chief George D. Little and Deputy Constable
Roland Berg)
Advanced TCOLE Instructor Course – TCOLE #1017, Day
Three Friday November 7th ,2014 from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm
(Deputy Chief George D. Little and Deputy Constable Roland
Berg ) Lesson Presentation preparation time. Instructors
available
Advanced TCOLE Instructor Course – TCOLE #1017, Day
Four Saturday November 8th,2014 from 11:00 am to 6:00
pm (Deputy Chief George D. Little and Deputy Constable
101
Roland Berg)
Advanced TCOLE Instructor Course – TCOLE #1017, Day
Five & Grad Sunday November 9th, 2014 from 11:00 am to
6:00 pm – Presentations, Final Test & Graduation (Deputy
Chief G. D. Little and Dep. Constable R. Berg )
HIV-AIDS & Viral Hepatitis in Criminal Justice Profession
Course – TCOLE # 3804 (8-hrs) 8-hrs on Saturday November
15th, 2014 from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm.
HIV-AIDS & Viral Hepatitis in Criminal Justice Profession
Course – TCOLE # 3804 (8-hrs) 4-hrs on Thursday December
4th, 2014 from 1:00 am to 5:00 pm
HIV-AIDS & Viral Hepatitis in Criminal Justice Profession
Course – TCOLE # 3804 (8-hrs) 4-hrs on Friday December5th,
2014 from 1:00 am to 5:00 pm
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
102
TAKE A 15-MINUTE BREAK