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Classification of Animals Bellringer 1. What is excretion? 2. What are the purposes of excretion in animals? 3. What are the types of excretion in animals? 4. Do fish pee? Why or why not? Bellringer Answers 1. Excretion is the elimination of wastes from the body. 2. Maintain homeostasis, maintain blood pH and water content, remove wastes adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Animals With Backbones AMPHIBIAN FISH MAMMAL BIRD REPTILE Animals With Backbones • Animals with backbones are called vertebrates. • Vertebrates include many different kinds of animals. They can be found just about everywhere – in oceans, rivers, forests, mountains, and deserts. • Animals with backbones can be broken up into smaller groups by characteristics. • They are: Fish Fish Characteristics • Fish are vertebrates with an endoskeleton • They have a simple closed circulatory system • Fish are bilaterally symmetrical • Fish reproduce sexually, fertilize externally • Breathing occurs through the gills adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Fish Examples • Jawless Fish – lampreys • Cartilaginous Fish – sharks • Bony Fish – bluegill, bass, salmon adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Fish Distinguishing Characteristics • They are the largest group of vertebrates. • They come in many sizes and shapes. • Many fish are covered with scales that protects them. • They have fins that help them to steer and balance in the water. • Their body temperatures vary in the water. • They breathe through gills. Fish and Excretory System Videos • True Facts About the Anglerfish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBbpaNXbxg • How the Urinary System Works: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_7Q1x Q-NWU adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Amphibians Amphibian Characteristics • Vertebrate with an endoskeleton • Closed circulatory system with 3 chambered heart • Bilateral symmetry • Sexual reproduction (in water, soft egg with no shell) • Moves using muscular system and four legs adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Amphibian Characteristics • Breathes using lungs and through skin (diffusion) • Examples: frogs, toads, and salamanders adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Amphibian Distinguishing Characteristics • Their body temperature varies with their surroundings (cold-blooded). • Amphibians hatch from eggs and they can live on land as an adult. • Young amphibians breathe through gills like fish. • Adult amphibians breathe air from lungs. • Some have smooth moist skin. True Facts About the Frog • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndQZB QJf034 adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Reptiles Reptile Characteristics • Vertebrate with an endoskeleton • Closed circulatory system with 3 chambered heart • Bilateral symmetry • Sexual Reproduction (leathery amniotic eggs) • Muscular System (four legs) adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Reptiles Characteristics • Breathes through lungs (Respiratory System) • Examples: lizards, snakes, alligators adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Reptile Distiguishing Characteristics • • • • • Reptiles can move at various speeds. They lay their eggs on land. They have dry scaly skin and claws. They can include animals as large as a crocodile. Their body temperature varies with their environment (cold blooded). • They live in hot, dry deserts and in warm, wet tropical rain forests. True Facts About the Chameleon • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UR_by RbXxvs adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Birds Bird Characteristics • Vertebrates with an endoskeleton • Closed circulatory system with 4 chambered heart • Bilateral symmetry • Sexual reproductions (hard shelled eggs) • Moves with muscular system and wings! • Breathes with lungs adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Examples of Birds • Birds range in size from as small as your finger or as large as a human. adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Bird Characteristics • There are about 9,000 types of birds. • Birds are vertebrates that have wings and they are covered with feathers. – No other animal has this feature. • The bird’s skeleton is very light in weight. • Their bones are hollow. This helps them to fly. Mammals Mammal Characteristics • Vertebrates with endoskeleton • Closed circulatory system with 4 chambered heart • Bilateral symmetry • Their young grows inside the mother. • Moves using muscular system and four appendages • Breathes through lungs adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Examples of Mammals • They include a wide range of animals: ape, lions, kangaroos, bats, and etc. adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Mammal Characteristics • Humans are mammals but other mammals have more hair than we do. • The hair keeps the animals warm. • They feed milk to their young. Bellringer Should you pee on a jellyfish sting? – Read the article on the desk and answer this question. Use at least 2 pieces of evidence to support your answer. – If peeing on the sting is not effective, what should you do instead? adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Invertebrates Invertebrate Classification • What is an Invertebrate? • Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones. • 97 % of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates. • Some can be found in ponds, oceans, and other water environments. • Insects and some other invertebrates have exoskeletons. An Exoskeleton is a hard outer covering that protects an animal’s body and gives it support. There are six groups of invertebrates. They are: Sponges Sponges • Sponges have no skeleton or circulatory system • Sponges have no symmetry • Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually • Juvenile sponges move, adults are sessile adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Sponges • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65vEV mZIiNg adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Sponges Characteristics • They look like plants but they are animals. • Sponges stay fixed in one place. • Their bodies are full of holes and their skeleton is made of spiky fibers. • Water flows through the holes of their body which enables them to catch food. Corals, Hydras, and Jellyfish Cnidarians • Most cnidarians have no skeleton. Coral have an exoskeleton • They have no circulatory system • Radial symmetry • Cnidarians reproduce sexually and asexually adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Cnidarians Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KR8LypESI adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Characteristics • Corals look like plants but they belong to the animal kingdom. • They have soft tubelike bodies with a single opening surrounded by armlike parts called tentacles. • They feed by catching tiny animals in their tentacles. • Hydras have tentacles that catch their food. • They move from place to place. • Hydras are much smaller animals. • Jellyfish catch shrimp,fish, and other animals in its tentacles also. Bellringer • Use page 977 to fill in the structures and functions of the digestive system on the paper (either you got it yesterday, or you are getting it now) adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Worms: Flatworms, Roundworms, and Segmented worms Worm Characteristics • Worms are tube-shaped invertebrates which allows them to be put into groups. • They can be found in both land and water environments. Flatworm Introduction • (http://www.animalplanet.com/tvshows/monsters-inside-me/videos/meterlong-tapeworm/) • Note: This is from Monsters Inside Me adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Flatworm Facts • No skeletal system, though they do have muscles • No true circulatory system • Breathe through diffusion • Bilaterally symmetrical • Reproduce sexually (hermaphrodites) adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Flatworms • Most have a muscular system to help them move • They have a head and a tail, and flattened bodies. • A tapeworm is a flatworm that can live inside the body of animals and humans. It can cause you to become sick. Examples • Tapeworms • Platyhelminthes adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Roundworm Introduction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9RJH kzQtXc • Note: From Monsters Inside Me adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Roundworm Facts • No true skeletal system (hydro-static system) • No circulatory system • Bilateral symmetry • Reproduces sexually (some are hermaphroditic) adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Roundworm Facts • They move using muscles and a hydrostatic skeleton – Think pressurized fluid • Breathes mainly through diffusion adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Examples • Ascaris Worms • Trichina adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Roundworm • They have rounded bodies. • They live in damp places and they can also live inside humans and other animals. • They too can make people and other animals sick. Annelids Introduction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtpER pBDJtU adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Annelids Information • No true skeletal system • Closed circulatory system – The blood flows through vessels only • Bilateral symmetry • Reproduces sexually (hermaphroditic) • Move by expanding and contracting body segments adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi • Annelids breath through their skin (diffusion) • Examples: Leeches, Earthworms adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Annelids • The earthworm belongs to this group of worms. • Their bodies are divided in segments, or sections. • They prefer burrowing through moist soil. • This allows them to move easily and it keeps them from drying out. Bellringer • Complete the questions in the handout over the human reproductive system. • Use Chapter 34 in your book for help adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Mollusks Mollusk Introduction • True Facts About the Land Snail https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTV23B 5gBsQ adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Mollusk Information • No skeletal system. They have a shell and a hydro-static skeleton • Open circulatory system • Bilateral symmetry • Sexual (hermaphrodites) • It moves using its muscular foot and its hydro-static skeleton adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Examples of Mollusks adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Mollusk Characteristics • A mollusk has a hard shell, a rough tongue, and a muscular foot. • A snail is a mollusk with a single hard shell. • A clam has two shells joined together by a hinge. • Squids and octopuses are also mollusk. • Their hard shells are small, but they are inside their bodies. Echinoderms: Starfish and Sea Urchins Echinoderms Introduction • Sea Pig: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y4DbZi vHCY • Sea Horse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqYUTT qupOY adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Echinoderms Information • Have an endoskeleton composed of calcerous ossicles • Open circulatory system • Radial symmetry • Sexual Reproduction (external fertilization) • Moves using a water vascular system • They breath through simple gills in their feet. adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Characteristics • It belongs to a group of invertebrates that have tiny tube feet and body parts arranged around a central area. • A starfish has five arms and no head! • The hard, spiny covering of the starfish gives the animal protection. • A sea urchin belongs to this same group. • Its body is covered with spines. 5th Period: True Facts About the Octopus • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=st8EY71K84 adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Starfish Dissection: Bellringer • Pick your group for dissection (3 – 4 people) • Get one lab paper for your group from my desk • Read the starfish information and complete the pre-lab questions • Listen for further instructions adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Bellringer 1. What are your thoughts when you see this picture? 2. What do these two spiders have in common? 3. What is a good reason to have spiders in an ecosystem? adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Arthropods Arthropod Characteristics • Arthropods are a group of invertebrates with jointed legs and hard exoskeleton that protect the arthropod. • They possess an open circulatory system adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Arthropod Characteristics • Arthropods have bilateral symmetry • Arthropods with few exceptions have separate sexes and reproduce sexually • Muscles attached to the inside of their exoskeleton act as a lever system (like in vertebrates) adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Arthropod Characteristics • Aquatic arthropods possess gills through which they breathe • Terrestrial arthropods possess tracheae (tiny tubes) and book lungs adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Arthropod Distinguishing Characteristics • Jointed legs and hard exoskeleton that protect the arthropod. • They are the only invertebrates that can fly • As it grows, it molts, or sheds its old exoskeleton. • Then it grows a new exoskeleton that allows its body to continue to grow. • The largest group of arthropods are insects. Arthropod Examples • Insects: flies, bees, grasshoppers • Crustaceans: lobsters, crayfish, crabs • Arachnids: spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions • Centipedes and millipedes as well. adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Arthropods: Insects, Spiders, and Centipedes/Millipedes • Crustaceans have two pairs of antennae, gills, and seven or more appendages for feeding, swimming, walking, respiration, and reproduction • Arachnids have jointed legs (eight legs), jaws and fangs. • Insects have bodies divided into three parts, and six legs. • True Facts About the Mantis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aSCP mabRpM • True Facts About the Mantis Shrimp: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5FEj9UCJM adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Today’s Goals • Get in the group you want to dissect the crayfish with on Friday (3 – 4 people) • Get one handout for your group and sit together. • Complete all parts of pre-lab using – Crayfish placemats – Crustacean section in book (page 735) • Last 3 minutes we will discuss the benchmark assessment Wed. and Thurs. adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswi Summary Invertebrates do not have backbones. They include the smallest animals such as: spiders, mites, insects, and worms. Vertebrates do have backbones. They include animals such as: Horses, birds, cats, dogs, fish, lizards, and snakes.