Download Chapter 11

Chapter 11
Digestive System
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 11
Lesson 11.1
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-2
Objectives




Identify organs and structures of the digestive
system.
Define and spell the word parts related to the
digestive system.
Define, pronounce and spell disease and
disorder terms related to the digestive
system.
Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms
related to the digestive system.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-3
Function of the Digestive System

with the help of accessory organs, prepares
ingested food for use by body cells through
physical and chemical digestion and
eliminates the solid waste products from the
body.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-4
Organs of the Digestive System
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-5
Organs of the Digestive Tract

mouth: opening through which food passes
into the body



palate (soft): posterior portion (not supported by
bone)
palate (hard): anterior portion (supported by
bone)
uvula: soft V-shaped mass that hangs from the
soft palate; directs food into the throat
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-6
Organs of the Digestive Tract (cont’d.)


tongue: attached in the posterior region of
the mouth. It provides movement of food for
mastication, directs food to the pharynx for
swallowing, and is a major organ for taste
and speech
pharynx (throat): performs the swallowing
action that passes food from the mouth to the
esophagus.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-7
Organs of the Digestive Tract (cont’d.)


esophagus: 10-inch tube that extends from
the pharynx to the stomach
stomach: J-shaped sac that mixes and
stores food container for food




fundus: uppermost domed portion of the stomach
body: central portion of the stomach
pylorus: lower part of the stomach that connects
to the small intestine
antrum: lower portion of the stomach
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-8
Organs of the Digestive Tract (cont’d.)

stomach (cont’d.)


pyloric sphincter: ring of muscle that guards the
opening between the stomach and duodenum
small intestine: 20-foot canal extending from
the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine

duodenum: 1st 10 to 12 inches of small intestine
 jejunum: 2nd portion; approx. 8 feet
 ileum: 3rd portion; approx. 11 feet, connects with
large intestine
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-9
Organs of the Digestive Tract (cont’d.)

large intestine: canal approx. 5 feet and
extends from the ileum to the anus




cecum: blind U-shaped pouch that is the first
portion of the large intestine
colon: next portion; divided into 4 parts:
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
rectum: last portion; approx. 8 to 10 inches long,
extends from the sigmoid colon to the anus
anus: sphincter muscle that keeps an opening
tight at the end of the digestive tract
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-10
Anatomy of the Large Intestine
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-11
Accessory Organs



salivary glands: produce saliva, which flows
into the mouth to begin the digestion process
liver: produces bile, which is necessary for
the digestion of fats
bile ducts: passageways that carry bile;
hepatic duct is passageway for bile from liver,
and the cystic duct carries bile from the
gallbladder; they join to form the common bile
duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-12
Accessory Organs (cont’d.)


gallbladder: small, saclike structure that
stores bile
pancreas: produces pancreatic juice, which
helps digest all types of food and secretes
insulin for carbohydrate metabolism
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-13
Other Structures



peritoneum: serous sac lining of the
abdominal and pelvic cavities
appendix: small pouch, which has no known
function, attached to the cecum
abdomen: portion of the body between the
thorax and the pelvis
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-14
Clicker Question
In choledocholithiasis, which is the word root
that means stone?
doch
b) lith
c) chol
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-15
Combining Forms of
the Digestive Tract







an/o
antr/o
cec/o
col/o, colon/o
duoden/o
enter/o
esophag/o
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-16
Combining Forms of
the Digestive Tract (cont’d.)






gastr/o
ile/o
jejun/o
or/o, stomat/o
proct/o, rect/o
sigmoid/o
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-17
Combining Forms of the Accessory
Organs/Combining Forms Commonly
Used with Digestive System Terms






abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
appendic/o
cheil/o
cholangi/o
chol/e
choledoch/o
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-18
Combining Forms of the Accessory
Organs/Combining Forms Commonly
Used with Digestive System Terms (cont’d.)







diverticul/o
gingiv/o
gloss/o, lingu/o
hepat/o
herni/o
palat/o
pancreat/o






peritone/o
polyp/o
pylor/o
sial/o
steat/o
uvul/o
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-19
Diverticulum of the Large Intestine
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-20
Prefix and Suffix

Prefix


hemi-
Suffix

-pepsia
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-21
Types of Hernias
A
B
C
A, hiatal; B, inguinal; C, umbilical.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-22
Polyps
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-23
Disease and Disorder
Terms Built from Word Parts












appendicitis
cholangioma
cholecystitis
choledocholithiasis
cholelithiasis
diverticulitis
diverticulosis
esophagitis
gastritis
gastroenteritis
gastroenterocolitis
gingivitis
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-24
cholelithiasis
choledocholithiasis
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-25
Disease and Disorder Terms
Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)











hepatitis
hepatoma
palatitis
pancreatitis
peritonitis
polyposis
proctoptosis
rectocele
sialolith
steatohepatitis
uvulitis
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-26
Clicker Question
Which is inflammation of a structure of the
mouth?
proctoptosis
b) uvulitis
c) esophagitis
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-27
Disease and Disorder Terms
Not Built from Word Parts








adhesion
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
cirrhosis
Crohn disease
duodenal ulcer
gastric ulcer
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-28
Disease and Disorder Terms Not
Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)







intussusception
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
obesity
peptic ulcer
polyp
ulcerative colitis
volvulus
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-29
Peptic Ulcer Sites
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-30
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts








abdominoplasty
anoplasty
antrectomy
appendicectomy
celiotomy
cheilorrhaphy
cholecystectomy
choledocholithotomy







colectomy
colostomy
diverticulectomy
enterorrhaphy
esophagogastroplasty
gastrectomy
gastrojejunostomy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-31
Surgical Terms Built
from Word Parts (cont’d.)







gastroplasty
gastrostomy
gingivectomy
glossorrhaphy
hemicolectomy
herniorrhaphy
ileostomy







laparotomy
palatoplasty
polypectomy
pyloromyotomy
pyloroplasty
uvulectomy
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-32
PEG
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-33
ileostomy
colostomy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-34
Colonoscopy and Polypectomy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-35
Surgical Terms Not
Built from Word Parts



abdominoperineal resection (A & P resection)
anastomosis
bariatric surgery


hemorrhoidectomy
vagotomy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-36
Clicker Question
Which term refers to the creation of an artificial
opening?
anastomosis
b) colostomy
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-37
Chapter 11
Lesson 11.2
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives




Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms
related to the digestive system.
Define, pronounce and spell complementary
terms related to the digestive system.
Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related
to the digestive system.
Interpret, read and comprehend medical
language in simulated medical statements
and documents.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-39
Diagnostic Terms
Built from Word Parts

Diagnostic imaging





cholangiogram
cholangiography
cholecystogram
CT colonography
esophagogram
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-40
Diagnostic Terms
Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)

Endoscopy







colonoscope
colonoscopy
endoscope
endoscopy
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD)
esophagoscope
esophagoscopy








gastroscope
gastroscopy
laparoscope
laparoscopy
proctoscope
proctoscopy
sigmoidoscope
sigmoidoscopy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-41
Endoscopic views
obtained at colonoscopy
A.
C.
B.
D.
A. Normal colon B. diverticulosis C. colon polyp D. colon cancer
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-42
Diagnostic Terms Not
Built from Word Parts

Diagnostic imaging
 abdominal ultrasonography
 barium enema (BE)
 upper GI (gastrointestinal)

Endoscopy



endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-43
ERCP
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-44
Diagnostic Terms Not
Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)

Laboratory


Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test
fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-45
Complementary Terms
Built from Word Parts












abdominal
abdominocentesis
anal
aphagia
colorectal
dyspepsia
dysphagia
gastrodynia
gastroenterologist
gastroenterology
gastromalacia
glossopathy
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-46
Complementary Terms
Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)












ileocecal
nasogastric
oral
pancreatic
peritoneal
proctologist
proctology
rectal
steatorrhea
steatosis
stomatogastric
sublingual
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-47
Complementary Terms
Not Built from Word Parts








ascites
diarrhea
dysentery
emesis
fetes
flatus
gastric lavage
gavage








hematemesis
hematochezia
melena
nausea
peristalsis
reflux
stoma
vomiting
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-48
Clicker Question
Emesis is synonymous with vomiting.
True
b) False
a)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-49
Abbreviations







A & P resection
BE
EGD
ERCP
EUS
FOBT
GERD







GI
H. pylori
IBS
N&V
PEG
UGI
UPPP
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-50
Radiology Report
ENCOUNTER DATE: 2/17/20XX EXAMINATION: Abdominal Ultrasound
HISTORY: Nausea, fatigue, and jaundice.
FINDINGS: Multiple scans of the upper abdomen show no focal hepatic
lesions. There are numerous small shadowing calculi within the gallbladder.
The gallbladder wall is not thickened and there is no pericholecystic fluid
collection. The common bile duct is normal in caliber, measuring 4 mm in
maximum diameter. No calculi are seen within the common bile duct. The
spleen is not enlarged. No focal abnormality is identified within the
pancreas.
IMPRESSION: Cholelithiasis. No associated biliary dilatation. The upper
abdominal sonogram is otherwise normal.
Electronically signed by: Jose Garza, MD 2/17/20XX 11:24 AM
JG/bab
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11-51