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Overview of .NET
Prepared by: Xin,Lu
.NET Seminar
Aug.10, 2003
Definition of .NET
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.NET is a brand that Microsoft has applied to
several different technology. It includes:
New technologies provide new services and
new possibilities.
Updated technologies to fit .NET framework.
New release of existing technologies dressed
up with the .NET brand.
What’s under .NET brand ?
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.NET Framework
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
.NET Framework class library
Visual Studio .NET.
VB.NET, C#, Managed C++ and
Jscript.NET
What’s under .NET brand ?
(Cont.)
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.NET My Service
.NET Calendar, .NET Contacts, .NET
Inbox, . NET Documents etc.
.NET Enterprise Servers
BizTalk Server 2000, Application Centre
2000, Commerce Server 2000, Host
Integration Server 2000 etc.
Web Service
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Web Services are a core technology in .NET.
Web Services use Industry-Standard protocols.
New Web Services allow programmatic access to
Web applications. Not just HTTP and HTML.
Web services can be applied in many ways. For
example, mobile access, B2B and even EAI.
WSDL, SOAP & UDDI
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Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
is an XML-based language for describing web
services.
WSDL descriptions describe capabilities and
location of web services and how to access
them.
Communication using SOAP or direct HTTP.
WSDL, SOAP & UDDI (Cont…)
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Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a
framework for exchanging XML-based
information in a network.
SOAP is used to invoke the Web services.
Universal Description, Discovery and
Integration (UDDI) publishes the Web
services interface definitions.
UDDI uses SOAP for communication.
What Windows developers
used before ?
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Windows DNA is application developer’s
environment.
Windows DNA technologies include:
COM, DCOM, ASP, VBscript, ADO, Visual
Studio (mainly VB and C++).
The .NET Framework is the successor to
Windows DNA.
Windows DNA Limitation
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Difficult in Integration
Each programming language has its own
runtime libraries, data types, own approach
to building GUIs and so on.
Language and environment dependent
Application written in different language
access system services in different way.
. NET Framework Improvement
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The Common Language Runtime (CLR)
provides a common set of data types and
other services that can be used by all
languages that based on .NET framework.
.NET framework class library provides a
large set of standard classes for common
functions that can be used by all languages
that based on .NET framework.
.NET Framework
Browser
Apps
Web Services
Apps
ASP.NET
.NET
ADO.NET
Local
Apps
Windows
Forms
Enterprise
Services
Framework Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Windows
Other
Apps
More
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
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The CLR defines a common set of semantics
that is used by multiple languages by
providing a common set of data types,
specification for inheritance and much more.
CLR says nothing about syntax. Developers
can choose their favourite programming
languages.
Common Language Runtime
(CLR) Cont…
Other services provides by CLR:
 Automatically garbage collection.
 A standard format for metadata despite the
different programming language.
 A common scheme for organizing compiled code.
(assemblies) Assemblies can depend on other
assemblies and a single application might use code
from one or more assemblies.
Metadata
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CLR-based programming language can use
objects created in other language due to
self-describing type information(metadata),
and common execute environment.
Metadata is embedding into every .NETcompliant EXE and DLL by .NET compiler.
For every implemented method, the
metadata contains information that the
loader uses to locate the method body.
Managed Code and Managed Objects
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Software that uses the .NET framework
(relies on CLR) is referred to as
managed code.
The object-oriented code in .NET
framework is called managed objects.
Objects written in any CLR-based
language can inherit and use the
library’s code
Execution Procedure
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Managed code is always compiled first into
Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).
MSIL is a set of CPU-independent instructions
for performing typical operations and calling
methods.
Each DLL and EXE in an assembly contains
MSIL rather than processor-specific code.
Execution Procedure(Cont…)
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When the application is executed, MSIL is
transformed into native code before it’s
executed.
Each method is typically just-in-time (JIT)
compiled the first time it’s invoked.
In conclusion, all managed code is
complied first to MSIL, then translated into
native code before execution.
CLR-based Language
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Visual Studio.NET provides four
languages for building .NET framework
applications, including VB.NET, C#,
C++ and Jscript.NET.
Third parties also offered other
languages built on CLR, including Perl,
Python, and COBOL.
Visual Basic. NET
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VB.NET has a big change from VB 6 as
VB.NET is entirely built on the CLR.
VBScript no longer exists as a separate
technology.
Developers can use full power of VB in
ASP.NET application instead.
VB.NET New Features
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Support for single inheritance.
Methods override.
Support for exception handling.
Full multithreading.
The ability to define explicitly interfaces
directly in VB.
Support for properties and events.
VB.NET New Features
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Support for attributes, allowing features
such as transaction support and web
services to be implemented by inserting
keywords in source code.
Automatic garbage collection.
C#
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C# was designed for .NET framework.
C# is object-oriented.
C# syntax derived from C++.
The features C# provides are identical
to the list of VB.NET listed before, and
two more features derived from C++.
C# Features
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Operator overloading, allowing a class
to define its own unique meaning for
standard operators such as plus sign.
The ability to write code that directly
access specific memory address.
(unsafe code)
C++
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Visual Studio supports C++ and managed C++.
Some core C++ semantics are conflict with CLR (
like multiple inheritance).
Managed C++ is extension version of C++ in
Visual Studio to create .NET framework
applications.
Managed C++ can access all features of the CLR.
JScript.NET
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JScript.NET is the Visual Studio.NET
implementation of JavaScript.
It can be used to write code that’s sent to
and execute by browsers, and write code for
ASP as before.
JScript.NET is build on the CLR.
JScript.NET is superset of standard Jscript.
JScript.NET is most used for ASP.NET.
JScript New Features
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Support for classes, which can contain
methods, variables and properties; can
implement interface; and can inherit
from other classes.
A variety of new data types, including
Boolean, String, int, float, and more.
Compiled rather than interpreted code.
.NET Framework Class Library
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A library of classes and other types that can
be used from any CLR-based language.
CLR-based language can create instances of
these classes and call their methods.
Classes are written in C#.
The class library are organized into a tree of
namespaces. The root namespaces is
system.
.NET Framework Class Library
System
Int32,
String…
UI
…
Web
Data
Services
…
Windows
Forms
Connection,
DataSet, …
…
Enterprise
Services
XML
XML Document
Serviced Component
…
Library Namespaces
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System: contains the core data types used by
the CLR.
System.Web: comprise ASP.NET and sub
namespaces may include UI and services.
System.Data: comprise ADO.NET, offers the
service of operating with DBMS.
System.Windows.Form: the types in this
namespace are used to build Windows GUI.
Library Namespaces (Cont…)
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System.Enterprise Services: Services
provided by COM+, such as distributed
transactions.
System.XML: Types in this name space
provide support for creating and
working with XML-defined data.
ADO.NET
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ADO.NET lets applications work with
data stored in a DBMS and XML
document.
ADO and ADO.NET don’t have much in
common. ADO.NET focuses on allowing
managed code to work with data
through web-based application.
ASP.NET
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ASP.NET is the successor to ASP. Like ASP
application, ASP.NET applications are built from
one or more pages. Each page contains HTML
and/or executable code.
However, ASP.NET allows the creation of two types
of applications: traditional browser applications
accessible via HTTP and HTML (.aspx), and web
services applications accessible via SOAP (.asmx).
ASP.NET New Features
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The code in ASP.NET applications is compiled
rather than interpreted as ASP.
The distinction between script code and
components is eliminated. All code in ASP.NET
application is managed code.
Web controls can be used to build browserbased GUIs more easily.
ASP.NET applications are easier to install and
remove than traditional ASP applications. No
registration entries are required.
.NET Compact Framework
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The .NET compact framework is a
smaller version of the .NET framework
for less memory and small device.
Visual Studio.NET can be used to
develop applications for the .NET
compact framework.
.NET My Services
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The .NET My Services technology
provides access to information across
the Internet via an internet-accessible
Web services.
.NET My Services relies on Microsoft’s
Passport service to offer authentication
to ensure only authorized users can
access the information My Services
contains.
.NET My Services (Cont …)
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All the information stored in .NET My
Services is accessed via SOAP and defined
using XML.
.NET My Services is meant to be accessed
by applications.
It will succeed only if developers build
.NET My Service-based application.
Services provided by .NET My Services
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.NET Alerts: Allowing sending alert to users.
.NET Calendar: Maintain a user’s personal
calendar.
.NET Contacts: Provides a list of names,
address, and other contact information for a
user.
.NET Inbox: Allow access to a user’s e-mail.
.NET Document: Provide Internet-accessible
storage for a user.
Services provided by .NET My Services
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.NET Wallet: Contains payment
information of a user.
.NET Lists: Contains lists such as
shopping list.
.NET Profile: Contains information
about an individual.
.NET Presence: Contains electronic
presence information for a user.
.NET Enterprise Servers
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The .NET Enterprise Servers don’t rely
on the .NET framework. It is based on
traditional Windows DNA technology.
All of these servers can be used with
.NET Framework applications through
the interoperability features the
Framework provides.
.NET Enterprise Servers Products
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BizTalk Server 2000: to be used to integrate
applications running on diverse platforms.
Application Center 2000: to deploy and manage
highly available and scalable web applications.
Commerce Server 2000: provides packaged
components for building e-commence applications.
Host Integration Server (HIS) 2000: helps integrate
Windows applications with those running on other
platforms.
.NET Enterprise Servers Products
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SQL Server 2000: to store, retrieve, and analyze
structured XML data.
Exchange Server 2000: to enable messaging and
collaboration anytime, anywhere.
Mobile Information Server 2002: supports building
application for wireless devices such as mobile
phone.
Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2000:
provides firewall and proxy services.
.NET Enterprise Servers Products
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Content Management Server 2002: to manage
content for dynamic e-business web sites.
Operations Manager 2002: to deliver enterpriseclass solutions for operations management.
Project Server 2002: provides an extensible
technology platform to develop and deploy best
practices for project management across an
organization.
SharePoint Portal Server 2001: to find, share and
publish business information.
Conclusion
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.NET is Microsoft’s new internet and Web strategy.
.NET is a new Internet and Web based
infrastructure.
.NET delivers software as Web Services.
.NET is a framework for universal services.
.NET is a server centric computing model.
.NET will run in any browser on “ any platform”.
.NET is based on the newest Web standards.