Download Islam Basics - Holmes Middle School

Unit 6 – Lesson 2
Islam: Emergence, Expansion
and Spread
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Overview of Movement and
Migration in Era 4:
500 CE to 1000 CE
2
Continuing trends in Era 4:
Population increased
and people migrated.
People shared ideas
across regions.
Trade networks expanded
and cities grew.
Huge empires brought many
different groups of people
together.
http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php
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Vikings
Population
People
migrated to
new places in
Afroeurasia.
Mongols
Germanic
Tribes
Turkic
Groups
Chinese
Arabs
Bantu-Speaking
People of Africa
People of Oceania
Stop and Jot:
What do you think were some of the reasons
people migrated to new places?
http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php
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Empires
New ruling groups
built on the
foundations of
earlier states and
empires.
Stop and Jot:
What were some of these earlier
states and empires?
http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php
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What changes and what
stays the same?
Frankish
Kingdoms
Avar Kingdom
Parhae
Byzantine Empire Sassanid
Empire
Harsha’
Empire
Ghana
Yamoto
Sui China Silla Japan
Chalukya
Axum
When called upon, come to the
screen, pick a place in the first
map, find it on the second map,
and see if it has changed!
States and Empires in 600 CE
Carolingian
Turn and Talk:
So what was happening over
these 200 years?
Why did boundaries change?
http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php
Cordoba
Caliphate
Ghana
Byzantine
Abbasid
Caliphate
Parhae
Gurjara- Tang
Pratihara China
Silla
Heian
Japan
Axum
Srivijaya
States and Empires in 800 CE
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The spread of world religions from 300-1500 CE
Ideas
Buddhism
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Turn and Talk: Did these religions spread to the same areas?
What differences do you see in where they spread?
http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php
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Who spread these world
religions across Afroeurasia?
Ideas
Monks spread
Buddhism.
Traders and Sufi
orders spread
Islam.
Missionaries
spread
Christianity.
Turn and Talk: What other ways do you think some of these religions spread?
http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php
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Islam Basics
Vocabulary, the Five Basic Beliefs and The Five Pillars
Please use Student Handout 2: Islam Basics to help
you take notes with this section
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Vocabulary Stop & Jot
• Complete the vocabulary Stop & Jot in
Student Handout 2: Islam Basics. The words
are:
Islam, Muslim, Allah, Mosque, and Qur’an
• After you share some of your responses with
the class, we will go over the definitions
together.
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Part I: Vocabulary
• Islam [iss-LAAM]=the name of the religion
founded by Muhammad around 632 CE
• Muslim [MOOS-lim]=a follower of Islam. It
translates to “one who submits to god.”
• Allah [al-LAH]=Arabic word for “god”
• Mosque [massk]or masjid [MESS-jid]=Muslim
house of worship
• Qur’an [kur-AHN]=Holy Book of Islam
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Five Basic Beliefs of Islam
1. Belief in one god, Allah. This god is the same as the JudeoChristian version.
2. Belief in the prophet, Muhammad and the ones before him (Noah,
Abraham, Moses and Jesus)
3. Belief in the justice of God, God is fair
4. Belief in the Imams (or apostles) of God. Shi’ite and Sunni have
different views of imams. For Sunni Muslims, imams are worship
leaders, but Shi’ites believe that imams are chosen by God to be
perfect examples for the faithful and to lead all humanity in all
aspects of life.
5. Belief in the Day of Judgment which is considered the final
assessment of humanity by God. Annihilation of all life, followed
by resurrection and judgment
Turn & Talk: What other major religions are similar to Islam? What is
the evidence that these religions might be connected in some way?
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Some similarities among Judaism,
Christianity & Islam
• Belief in one god that is immortal, omniscient (all
knowing), omnipresent (present everywhere),
and omnipotent (all powerful)
• All trace their origins to the biblical Abraham
• Main message is to live a moral life in accordance
with God’s law
• Based in holy text
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Part III: Five Pillars of Islam
Stop & Jot:
What is a pillar?
What do you think it means if something
is considered a pillar of a religion?
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The Five Pillars of Islam: The Five Major DUTIES or PRINCIPLES of Islam
5 Pillars, the
Explanation
In ONE word, sum up what you
think this means
Arabic Words

shahada
At least once in every Muslim’s life, he or she must
sincerely recite aloud “La ilaha illa Allah wa-Muhammad
rasul Allah.” Translation: “There is no god but God and
Muhammad is the prophet of God.”
Confession of Faith (okay, that’s
more than one word)

salat
Muslims must pray five times a day, facing towards
Mecca.
Prayer

zakat
Muslims give alms to the poor, and support the local
Mosque by donating a portion of their income.
Charity

Sawm
During the Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim
Fasting
calendar, all Muslims must not eat during daylight hours,
except the very young or sick.

hajj
If possible financially and physically, each Muslim must
travel to the city of Mecca once in a lifetime.
Pilgrimage
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The Spread of Islam
Power and Religion moving at
different rates
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Islamic Expansion 622-750
Turn and Talk: On this map, what do you think Islamic “expansion” means? Do you
think that everyone in the lands conquered by the Caliphs became a Muslim?
18
Examine this map now… The previous map showed the spread
of Islamic influence through conquest.
Turn and Talk: How else do you think Islam might have spread?
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Expansion vs. Spread
• Expansion refers to the expansion of territories
under Muslim rule
– Happened very rapidly
– By 750 – area included Middle East, Spain/North Africa
to the Indus River valley area of Northwestern India.
• Spread refers to when people in conquered lands
converted to the religion Islam
– More gradual
– For example, conversion happened at different times:
900 C.E. for Egypt, Iran (Persia), Iraq 1000C.E. for NW
India, 1200 C.E for Syria
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Other factors in the spread of Islam

Some non-Muslims, who were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes. Some people
converted to avoid heavier taxes.
 Easily“portable”

nomads & trade routes.
Jihad (“Holy War”) fighting to protect the religion;
sometimes this meant targeting pagans and other
non-believers.
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The expansion of Islamic
political power
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Political Conquests
• As the first caliph (deputy), or
successor to Muhammad, Abu Bakr
faced a crisis.
• Some Arab tribal leaders who had
been loyal to Muhammad refused to
follow Abu Bakr and withdrew their
loyalty to Islam.
• Abu Bakr succeeded in reuniting the
Arabs, based first and foremost on
their belief in Islam.
• Once reunited, the Arabs set out on a
series of military conquests.
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From Victory to Victory
• Under the first four caliphs, Arab
armies marched from victory to
victory.
• They conquered large areas of
the Byzantine empire, including
the provinces of Syria and
Palestine, with the cities of
Damascus and Jerusalem.
• Next, they rapidly conquered the
Persian empire.
• The Arabs then swept into Egypt.
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From Victory to Victory
• Later Muslim armies
conquered even more lands.
• From Egypt, the Caliphate
armies traveled west,
defeating Byzantine forces
across North Africa.
• In 711, they crossed the
Strait of Gibraltar into Spain
and pushed north into
France.
• There, in 732, they were
defeated at the battle of
Tours.
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From Victory to Victory
• The Muslim advance into Western Europe was halted.
Even so, Muslims would rule parts of Spain for
centuries.
• Elsewhere, Muslims besieged the Byzantine capital of
Constantinople, but failed to take the well-defended
city.
• Later waves of conquests would expand Muslim rule
farther into the continents of Asia and Africa.
Turn and Talk: Why do you think the Caliphate armies were
so successful in expanding their power? Make your best guesses.26
Reasons for Success
• Why did the Arabs have so many victories?
– One reason was the weakness of the Byzantine and
Persian empires.
– These longtime rivals had fought each other for so
long they were both tired and weak.
– Many people in the Fertile Crescent welcomed the
Arabs as liberators from harsh Byzantine or Persian
rule.
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Other Reasons for Success
• Bold, efficient fighting
methods also contributed to
the Arab success.
• The use of camels to mount
aggressive attacks helped
them overwhelm more
traditional armies.
• Islam united different tribes
into a unified state. Belief in
Islam and the certainty of
paradise for those who fell in
battle spurred the Arab
armies to victory.
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Turn and Talk
• What were some of
the external and
internal reasons for
the success of the
Arab armies against
their opponents like
the Byzantines and
Persians?
• External?
(from outside)
• Internal?
(from inside)
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Treatment of Conquered People
• The advancing Arabs brought many people under
their rule.
• Muslim leaders placed a special tax on non-Muslims,
but they allowed Christians, Jews, and others to
practice their own faiths and follow their own laws.
• As Muslim civilization developed, some Jews and
Christians played key roles as officials, doctors, and
translators.
• In time, some non-Muslims converted to Islam.
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Empire of the Caliphs
• After the murder of Ali, the
Umayyad (oh M-I ad) family
set up a dynasty that ruled the
Islamic world until 750.
• From their capital at Damascus
in Syria, they directed the
conquests that carried Islam
from the Atlantic to the Indus
Valley.
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Umayyads
• Even as victories expanded the Arab empire,
the Umayyads faced numerous problems.
• First, they had to adapt from desert life to
ruling large cities and huge territories.
• To govern their empire, the Umayyads often
relied on local officials, including educated
Jews, Greeks, and Persians.
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Umayyads
• Byzantine and Persian traditions of government influenced Arab
rulers.
• While conquests continued, vast wealth flowed into Umayyad
hands.
• When conquests slowed in the 700s, conflict increased between
wealthy Arabs and those who had less. Many Muslims criticized
the court at Damascus for abandoning the simple ways of the
early caliphs.
• Non-Arab Muslims had fewer rights than Arab Muslims, and they
began to call for more equality as well.
• These problems weakened the Umayyad Dynasty.
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Turn and Talk and Exit Pass
• Take a moment and think about the question
below.
• Turn and Talk about it to help generate ideas.
• Then, as directed by your teacher, write a short
exit pass that answers the question.
What did the Umayyad Dynasty have in common
with the Roman Empire? Think about how they
grew, and also think about the problems they faced.
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PROPERTY OF OAKLAND SCHOOLS
AUTHORS: STACIE WOODWARD AND DARIN STOCKDILL
EDITOR: AMY BLOOM
ACADEMIC REVIEW: IAN MOYER
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