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Vortex Flow Technology Yokogawa Corporation of America Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Corporate Brand The acute angle and sharp straight edges of the top half of the diamond symbol represent Yokogawa’s cutting-edge technology while the gentle curvature of the bottom half represents the warm-hearted nature of Yokogawa’s people. By balancing these two elements, Yokogawa aims to contribute toward the realization of a thriving global society in much the same way as the sun. This property is reflected in the bright yellow of the diamond. – Corporate trademark since October 1986 Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation History of YEWFLO Vortex 1969 Yokogawa designs first Vortex meter 1995 Mass YEWFLO introduced 1982 Dual piezoelectric sensor 1979 First industrial YEWFLO released 1988 10,000 units installed (USA) 1987 First 0.5 inch Vortex flowmeter 1990 YEWFLO 100% American made 2002 Digital YEWFLO 1989 First “Smart” Vortex flowmeter 1993 Microprocessor -based “SMART” flowmeter Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Product Line-Up High-Purity Design Dual Sensor Designs • Semi-conductor and • Redundant sensors for critical applications biotech industries • Electropolished 7-15Ra finish Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation High Pressure Design • 1500# & 2500# flange ratings Principle of Operation The analogy of a golf ball moving through the air is useful in describing vortex formation: A slow moving putt barely displaces the molecules of air The higher velocity of a chip shot causes irregular eddies to form behind the ball The velocity associated with a drive is sufficient to cause a strong, regular vortex formation behind the ball Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Principle of Operation Vortex formation in clouds blown by a mountain top is an example from nature of the vortex phenomenon Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Mountain Top Vortices Principle of Operation Light breeze - Laminar flow, no vortices formed NR = 0-5000 Stiff breeze - Transition flow, irregular vortex formation NR = 5000-20000 Strong wind - Turbulent flow, regular vortex pattern NR = >20000 Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Principle of Operation When a flowing medium strikes a non-streamlined bluff object, it separates, moves around the object and passes downstream. At the point of contact with the object, vortex swirls separate from the body on alternating sides. This separation causes a local increase in pressure and a decrease in velocity on one side and a decrease in pressure and an increase in velocity on the opposite side. The alternating velocities generate alternating pressure forces on either side of the bluff body. The frequency of these pressure changes is proportional to velocity. Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Typical Vortex Sensors Thermistor Differential Switched Capacitor Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Integral Diaphragm YEWFLO Shedder Bar Unique Sensor Design How Does It Work? Flow Flow hits the shedder bar, separates and due to the shape of the bar, forms vortices. The vortices create an alternating pressure differential across the bar. The bar is physically stressed toward the low pressure side of the bar. Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Crystal A Crystal B Force H L A piezoelectric crystal converts a mechanical stress into an electrical pulse. The crystals are hermetically sealed and not in contact with the process. Principle of Operation The Karman vortex frequency “f” is proportional to the velocity ”v”. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the flow rate by measuring the Karman vortex frequency: f = St (v/d) where: f = Karman vortex frequency St = Strouhal number (constant) v = Velocity d = Width of vortex shedder (constant) Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation What is Strouhal Number? • The Strouhal number is the ratio between the vortex interval and the shedder bar width • Usually the vortex interval (l) is about 6 times the shedder bar width (d), while the Strouhal number is the reciprocal value (~0.17) • When the Strouhal number is fixed, the velocity can be measured by counting the number of vortices l Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Sensor Assembly POTTING COMPOUND “O” RING SEAL CAP ASSEMBLY HERMETIC SEAL METAL TUBE METAL DISC CERAMIC PLATE INSULATOR (SHRINK TUBING) PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALS METAL PLATE SOLID METAL SHEDDER BAR Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Unique Sensor Design “O” Ring Seal Metal Tube Piezoelectric Crystals Metal Plate Metal Disc Ceramic Plate Solid Metal Shedder Bar Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation No thin diaphragms to damage No ports to plug MTBF in excess of 250 years Field Proven Mechanical Construction Indicator/Totalizer Local Interface Hermetically Sealed Sensor Amplifier • Remote available Gasket • High Reliability Body • Full ANSI rating Shedder Bar • Solid metal • Rugged construction • No moving parts Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Why are more users applying Vortex? Vortex Simplifies Installation & Reduces Costs • Improved Reliability • No Impulse Lines to Plug, Freeze, or Leak • Reduced potential leak points • Reduced Cost • In-line device is cost-effective in smaller lines • Reduced maintenance: No impulse lines, No Periodic Calibrations Required • Can be applied in most applications where DP-Orifice has traditionally been used • 2-wire Device • Applicable to Liquid, Gases and Steam • Wide Temperature Range to 842 F (450 C) Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Vortex Flowmeter Benefits Digital flow signal – No zero drift – Pulse output for totalizing Low installed cost Wide rangeability Inherently Linear output Low pressure drop Liquid, steam, or gas applications Immune to density & viscosity changes Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Vortex Performance Benefits High Accuracy +/- 0.75% of reading (liquid) +/- 1% of reading (gas, steam) Automatic Gas Expansion Factor Correction – dramatically improves accuracy Temperature Compensation – eliminates ambient temperature effects on the analog output Turn Down – as high as 20:1 provides accurate control over wider process conditions Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Featuring YOKOGAWA’s new, proprietary digital signal processing technique SSP~Spectral Signal Processing • No start-up tuning •Advanced self-diagnostics •Parameter settings made simple •Compact design •Clear, two-line display Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Adaptive Noise Suppression (ANS) • ANS takes advantage of Yokogawa’s unique dual sensor design • By individually analyzing the signal from each sensor ANS can deduce which portion of the signal is flow and which portion is noise. • Improves signal to noise ratio • Continuously analyzes the incoming signals and adapts to changing noise conditions Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation S1 N1 S2 N2 Polarization Direction S N Lift Direction Bending moment of shedder bar in lift force direction SSP ~ Spectral Signal Processing Noisy Vortex Signal Time SUB6 SUB5 SUB4 Frequency Analyzing/ Intelligent Amplification Vortex Signal Spectrum Analyzing Spectral Adaptive Filtering (SAF) Gain SB6 Output Waveform Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation SB5 SB4 The signal is split into individual sub-bands like the frequency SUB3 SUB2 spectrum display of an audio SUB1 graphic equalizer. The band splitting filter also applies Frequency intelligent attenuation to linearize the amplitude vs. velocity characSensitivity Curve teristic. Based on application Noise information such as liquid or gas, flow span and density a predicted SB3 SB2 SB1 Frequency (log) amplitude/sensitivity curve is computed. The results of the individual sub-band analyses are [Separation by SAF] compared to the predicted sensitivity curve. Finally a tight Frequency band pass filter is focused around the vortex flow signal. Time Signal Processing Circuitry Piezo-ceramics CHARGE CONVERTER CHARGE CONVERTER A/D CONVERTER A/D CONVERTER SPECTRUM ANALYZER 1 Output Circuit CPU SPECTRUM ANALYZER 2 Noise Ratio Setting Counter Summer BPF SPECTRUM ANALYZER 3 Schmitt Trigger B A GATE ARRAY In digitalYEWFLO the signal processing circuitry is fully digitized. This permits signal processing which had been previously performed by analog circuits (such as an adder, Schmitt trigger, and filter) to be incorporated into a gate array, resulting in reduced parts and a downsizing of the converter. Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Effect of Vibration Fluid: Water Size: 50mm Setting: Default Span: 15 m3/h (2 m/s) Vibration: 1G Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Low Flow Response Fluid: Water Size: 50mm Setting: Default Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Simplified Parameter Settings Frequently-used parameters grouped together in a quick access format decreases commissioning time. H A RT C om m unicator M enu T ree for DYF 1 2 3 4 D evice Setup Flow R ate A nalog O utput Flow S pan 1 P rocess Variable 3 B asic S etup 2 D iag/S ervice Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation 1 Flow R ate 2 Flow R ate (%) 3 A nalog O utput 4 T otal (5 T em perature) (6 D ensity) 1 2 3 4 5 Easy S etup Tag1 S elf-Test/Status r& w Flow2 ULoop nit Test /A T rim Flow3 SDpan r& w 4 S cal mw D am ping ed D /A Trir& 5 T est O utput cr cr cr cr cr cr 1 2 3 4 5 1 Self-T est 2 Status r Liquid: V olum e 1 Set P ercent r&w G as/Steam : V olum Me ode 2 Set Frequency M ode r&w Liquid: M ass 3 Set Status G as/Steam : M ass G as: ST D /N orm al 1 C ontact O utput 2 U pper D isplay 3 Low er D isplay 1 V olum etric U nit 2 T im e U nit 1 2 3 4 O nty U nit D ensi O ff D ensity P rocess M ass U nit T im e U nit 1 Scaled P ulse 2 U nscaled P ulse 3 Frequency 4 A larm 5 Flow SW (Low :O 6 Flow SW (Low :O Flow Rate (%) Flow Rate New Compact Amplifier Housing Smaller than Yewflo*E -30% Fewer parts for improved reliability Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation (volume reduction) Features & Functions Summary •No start-up tuning Automatically selects the optimum settings - even in noisy environments •Low flow stability Accurately senses vortices at low flow rate for stable, accurate flow measurement •Backward compatible The SSP amplifier can be retrofitted to provide the best vortex flow measurement available today •Advanced self-diagnostics Provides diagnostic messages on high vibration environments, excessive flow fluctuations, and clogging or plugging in the area around the shedder bar. Analysis of the process allows true condition-based maintenance •Simplified parameter settings Frequently used parameters grouped together in a quick-access format decreases commissioning time Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Features & Functions Summary •Clear, parallel two line LCD display Displays simultaneous flow rate and total along with process diagnosis Configurable through display interface (MMI) •New compact amplifier housing Lighter, small and easier to handle design with increased reliability and performance •Simultaneous analog and pulse outputs •Status output (flow switch function) or alarm output •BRAIN, HART and FF communications •Wide process temperature range High temperature option to 842 deg. F (450 deg. C) •High accuracy +/- 0.75% of reading (liquid) +/- 1% of reading (gas, steam) Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Multi-variable Mass Vortex Flowmeter Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation digitalYEWFLO Multi-variable Mass Vortex Flowmeter Provides simultaneous outputs for temperature monitoring and mass flow measurement Computes mass flow rate in real time based on the measured temperature Displays mass flow rate and temperature on two line LCD indicator Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation digitalYEWFLO Multi-variable Mass Vortex Flowmeter • Decreases the need for temperature monitoring loops and thus simplifies instrumentation Reduced openings on process pipes for inserting thermowells, that can potentially cause leakage, will slash instrumentation costs and increase the safety of the process lines • Temperature indication allows flow conditions to be monitored The self diagnostics related to the RTD provides checks for an out of range temperature output or abnormal temperature and so provides a window into the process Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation RTD embedded in shedder bar Multi-variable Option ~ Flow & Temperature Built-in temp sensor Protected in shedder bar +/- 1 deg C (liquid), +/- 2 deg C (gas/steam); RTD Pt 1K ohm Piezo sensors Multi-variable option Flow & temperature values displayed Dual output (flow: pulse, temp: 4-20) Steam mass flowrate calculation Mass flowrate calculated using steam table and measured temperature (fixed pressure) +/- 2% of rate accuracy Shedder bar RTD sensor Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation digitalYEWFLO Multi-variable Mass Vortex Flowmeter Specifications Function Fluid Compensation Temperature Accuracy Mass Flow Accuracy to 100mm 1”25mm to 4” (25-100mm) to 200mm 1”25mm to 8” (25-200mm) Wafer Flange Size Temperature Mass Flow Calculation Method Analog Output Pulse Output Output Alarm Output Status Output Temperature Response (50% response) Upper Display Lower Remote Type Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Mass Flow calculation Superheated Saturated Steam Gas Steam 100 to 260°C 100 to 260°C -29 to 260°C 2% of reading 2% of reading 2% of reading ±0.5% of Reading Density Calculation ±1% (less than 100°C) ±1% of Reading ±1% of Reading (100°C or more) Liquid -29 to 260°C 1.5% of reading ±0.5% (less than 100°C) ±1% of Reading (100°C or more) Density Temp-Pressure Calculation Density Change Correction (constant (constant Calculation pressure) pressure) Flow Rate or Temperature Only for Flow Rate Standard Alarms and Temperature Alarms Only for Flow Switch 60 seconds Select from Flow Rate (%, Engineering Unit) or Temperature % Select from Total or Temperature (C, F) Flow Converter: Select DYA-[ ][ ][ ]/MV Signal Cable: Select DYC-[ ][ ][ ]/MV Installation Considerations General – Pipe orientation • Ensure that pipe stays full – Meter orientation • Can be mounted in any direction – Materials of construction • Ensure that material is compatible with process fluid – Heat of Process • Ensure proper meter selection for process temperature Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Successful Vortex Applications Proper Vortex Sizing – Process conditions Piping requirements Full pipe Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Piping Requirements Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Proper Piping Requirements Gas Attitude insensitive Full pipe required Good alignment of piping Concentric Reducers if required Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Proper gasket selection and installation Correct I.D. required Self Centering (Recommended) Proper material Problems occur if... gasket is too small,gasket is deformed, has shifted position, or if the mating pipe connection is misaligned.` Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Pressure and Temperature Taps Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Reliable Flow Measurement Solution Vortex has come a long way over the year. Use Vortex as another flow measurement solution. It really does Work! Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Visit us on our website WWW.US.Yokogawa.COM Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation Thank You Yokogawa Corporation of America Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation