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MATTER
ANYTHING
THAT HAS
MASS AND
TAKES UP
SPACE
Bill Nye Phases of Matter
SINGLE FACTOR THAT
DETERMINES STATE OF
MATTER:
PARTICLE MOTION
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
• All matter is made of small particles in
constant motion
• The higher the temperature the faster the
particle motion
• At the same temperature, more massive
particles move slower than less massive
particles
What is Matter Video Clip
SOLIDS
• Traditional definition:
definite volume
definite shape
• Expands only slightly
upon heating
• Kinetic theory
definition: 3-D
vibratory motion
about a fixed point
THERMAL EXPANSION
• Almost all matter expands as it gets hotter,
and contracts when it gets colder
• As a solid is heated-particles begin to
move faster and begin vibrating against
each other with more force causing the
particles to spread apart in ALL directions
• The particles do NOT get larger, it is the
size of the spaces between the particles
that increas
LIQUIDS
• Traditional definition: definite volume, no
definite shape. Flow and take on shape of
its container.
• Tend to expand upon heating
• Kinetic theory definition: particles
undergoing rolling motion seeking lowest
possible position
GASES
• Traditional definition: no definite shape no
definite volume (takes on shape and
volume of container)
• Compressible
• Kinetic theory definition: high speed,
straight line random motion
• FYI: measurements indicate that the
average speed of oxygen molecules in air
at 20°C is an amazing 1700 km/hr. At
these high speeds, the odor molecules
from a hot cheese pizza in Washington
D.C. should reach Mexico City in about
106 minutes.
• Why do they not reach Mexico City?
Random Walk
VAPOR –VS- GAS
• Gas-limited to those substances that exist
in the gaseous state at ordinary room
temperature
• Vapor-describes the gaseous state of a
substance that is generally a liquid or solid
at room temperature