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HIV and AIDS
Anne, Jeske & Rowan
16-07-2013
AIDS in the world
What do you already know?
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Causes/spreading
Symptoms
Prevention
Therapy
What is HIV?
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H – human
I – immuno-deficiency
V – virus
About the virus
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RNA-type retrovirus
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Type 1 – all over the world
Type 2 – mainly in Africa
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People live longer than type 1
Rarely transmitted from mother to child
Can’t live more than half an hour
outside a body
How HIV infects the body
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Attacking CD4 type of White Blood Cells
(WBCs) and kill them
Healthy WBCs help our body to fight
against infections
With less or without WBCs our body
can’t fight infections properly 
resistance goes down
How does HIV spread?
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Unprotected sexual intercourse with infected
person (either heterosexual or homosexual)
Transfusion of infected blood
Infected mother to her baby during
pregnancy, birth process and breastfeeding
Use of infected needles and instruments
without sterilization or sharing of needles by
drug addicts
How does HIV not spread?
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Kissing
Touching/hand shaking/hugging
Sharing bathroom/toilet
Coughing
Eating together
How to prevent infection?
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Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
sex (use a condom!)
bloodtransfusions
needles
motherhood
razor and blade
What is AIDS?
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A – acquired
I – immuno
D – deficiency
S – syndrome
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Develops after few years of HIV infection
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Until then: seropositive
WBCs < 200: AIDS
Symptoms of AIDS
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Unexplained infections (opportunistic
infections)
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Fever
Diarrhea
Cough (tuberculosis)
Persistent unexplained fatigue and weight
loss
White blotches in the mouth or on tongue
Cancer
Diagnosis of AIDS
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Blood test, to detect antibodies against
the virus (always 2 times, to make sure
the test is not false positive)
CD4 count and viral load test
Care for HIV/AIDS patients
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Sympathetic attitude, family and public
support
Adequate rest
Diet rich in proteins/vitamins
Not donating blood/organs
Use a condom with any sexual partner
Drink boiled water
Regular exercise
How to treat AIDS?
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It is not possible to cure AIDS
There are drugs that can prevent the
spread of the virus and postpone
various complications
However, these drugs are very costly
Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
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Antiretroviral drugs, reducing the risk to
become seropositive after events with
high risk of exposure to HIV
(unprotected sex, needle stick injuries)
Start within 1-72 hours after exposure
During 4 weeks
Not 100% effective  blood test after 3
and 6 months
To keep in mind
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AIDS
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Difficult to get
Impossible to cure, but
Easy to prevent!
Quiz
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15 questions
Multiple choice
Walk to the answer of your choice
Thank you for your attention