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Noncommunicable Diseases
In this chapter, you will Learn About…
 What allergies and asthma are and how
they’re treated.
 What cancer is and how it’s treated.
 Different types of heart disease and how
they’re treated.
 What diabetes and arthritis are and how
they’re treated.
Understanding Allergies and Asthma
In this lesson, you will Learn About…
 Types of noncommunicable diseases.
 What allergies are and how they’re treated.
 What asthma is and how it’s treated.
Understanding Allergies and Asthma
The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are:
 Noncommunicable disease.  Histamines.
 Chronic.
 Antihistamine.
 Allergy.
 Asthma.
 Allergens.
 Bronchodilators.
 Pollen.
Noncommunicable Disease
A noncommunicable disease is a disease
that cannot be spread from person to
person.
Noncommunicable diseases are often
caused by changes within the body and
can be chronic.
Types of Noncommunicable
Diseases
Type
Causes/Risk Factors
Examples
Present
at birth
Diseases that are caused by
hereditary factors or that result
from problems during a baby’s
development or birth
 Cystic
fibrosis
 Sickle-cell
anemia
 Cerebral
palsy
Behavior
choices
Diseases to which unhealthful
behavior choices often contribute
(i.e., eating high-fat foods; being
physically inactive; using tobacco,
alcohol, or other drugs; failing to
manage stress properly)
 Many types
of heart
disease
 Most cases of
lung cancer
 Cirrhosis of
the liver
Types of Noncommunicable
Diseases (cont’d.)
Type
Causes/Risk
Factors
Examples

Diseases that are
Environmental caused by exposure to
specific substances in 
factors
the environment or to
environmental hazards,
such as pollution, toxic 
wastes, and
secondhand smoke
Unknown
causes
Some types of
allergies
Lung cancer caused by
breathing in asbestos
particles
Respiratory diseases
caused by breathing in
certain substances in
polluted air
Diseases whose causes  Alzheimer’s disease
are unknown
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Chronic fatigue
syndrome
Allergies
An allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a
substance.
In a person who has allergies, the immune
system is overly sensitive to certain
substances that are normally harmless.
These substances are called allergens.
The immune system’s response to these
substances triggers an allergic reaction.
One of the most common allergens is
pollen.
Common Allergens
Insect bites
or stings
Pets
Pollen
Plants, such
as poison
oak and
poison ivy
Household dust
Foods
Allergic Reactions
When a person who has an allergy
breathes in, touches, or swallows an
allergen, the allergen locks onto the body’s
lymphocytes.
These cells then release histamines, the
chemicals that cause the symptoms of an
allergic reaction.
Allergic reactions may involve the eyes,
nose, throat, and skin, and the respiratory
and digestive systems.
Treating Allergies
Once the specific allergen is known, the
person who has the allergy can use one of
the following methods to cope with it:
 Avoid the allergen: If you are allergic to a
certain food, for example, you can avoid eating
it to prevent a reaction.
 Take medication: If you cannot avoid the
allergen, antihistamines may relieve
symptoms.
 Get injections: A person who has severe
allergies can undergo a long-term series of
injections. Each injection contains a tiny
amount of the allergen to help a person
overcome his or her sensitivity.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease
that causes air passages to become
narrow or blocked, making breathing
difficult.
Many of the same substances that cause
allergies also cause asthma. These
substances and certain conditions or
situations are called asthma triggers.
Asthma (cont’d.)
Common asthma triggers:
 Certain allergens, such as pollen, dust, pets,
and mold
 Strenuous physical activity, especially in cold
weather
 Infections of the respiratory system, such as
colds and flu
 Irritants such as cigarette smoke and air
pollution and fumes from paint, gasoline, and
other toxic substances
 Situations in which the person’s breathing
rate increases, such as stressful events and
vigorous laughing or crying
 Weather and climate changes and cold air
Effects of an Asthma Attack
Swollen airway and
Narrowed
contracted muscle
airway
Normal
airway
During normal
breathing,
the lungs’ airways are
wide open. Air passes
freely in and out
through these tubes.
Mucus
During an asthma attack,
the lining of the airways
becomes swollen, and the
muscles around the tubes
tighten. Extra mucus is
produced, further
clogging the airways.
Managing Asthma
The following strategies can help people
with asthma feel better and avoid asthma
attacks:




Monitor the condition.
Manage the environment.
Manage stress.
Take medication such as bronchodilators.
Reviewing Terms and Facts
1. Define the terms allergy and allergen.
An allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a
substance. Allergens are substances that cause
an allergic reaction.
Reviewing Terms and Facts
2. Name four common allergens.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pollen
Foods
Pets
Household dust
Plants, such as poison oak and poison ivy
Insect bites or stings
Thinking Critically
3. In what ways is asthma different from a
cold?
Vocabulary Review
A noncommunicable disease is a disease
that cannot be spread from person to
person.
Vocabulary Review
Chronic means present continuously or on
and off over a long period of time.
Vocabulary Review
An allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a
substance.
Vocabulary Review
Allergens are the substances that cause an
allergic reaction.
Vocabulary Review
Pollen is a powdery substance released
by the flowers of certain plants.
Vocabulary Review
Histamines are the chemicals in the body
that cause the symptoms of an allergic
reaction.
Vocabulary Review
Antihistamines are medications that
relieve the symptoms of allergic reactions
by suppressing the production of
histamines.
Vocabulary Review
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease
that causes air passages to become narrow
or blocked, making breathing difficult.
Vocabulary Review
Bronchodilators are medications that relax
the muscles around the bronchial air
passages.
Fold a sheet of paper in half
along the short axis, then
fold in half again. This
forms four columns.
Open the paper and refold
it into thirds along the long
axis. This forms three rows.
Unfold and draw lines
along the folds.
Label the chart as shown.
Write down information on the causes, effects, and
treatments of allergies and asthma in the
appropriate section of the chart.
Evaluate your behaviors and choices for lifelong
health by taking the Health Inventory for Chapter
13 at
http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe65.php?qi=1506