Download Emergence of the Animal Kingdom

Emergence of the Animal
Kingdom
Or “Rise of the Chordates”
Phylum Chordata
Leading to
Subphylum Vertebrata
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Chordates include the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
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Chordates
–
4 characteristics
1. notochord - support
2. post-anal tail
3. pharyngeal gill slits
4. dorsal hollow nerve cord
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Chordate Characteristics
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Gills in Humans! – check it out
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Tunicates are Chordates!
Sea Squirts
• sponge like - filter feeder
•larva free swimming,
bilateral with all Chordate
traits
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• Lancets (a primitive fish like organism) closely
resembles the idealized chordate.
– The notochord, dorsal nerve cord, numerous gill
slits, and post-anal tail all persist in the adult
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Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
“Ontogency Recapituates
Evolution”
Evolution Playing out in Fetus…
(all these Chordates (birds,
mammals, reptiles, fish, have
strikingly similar
Embryonic Development)
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Chp 33 – Rise of the Mammals
• Definition of a Mammal:
1. Homoeothermic – meaning that mammals
produce their own body heat
2. Mammary tissue - for the production of Milk
3. Hair Follicles - for the production of Hair
4. Generally, internal fertilization and harboring
of young, however, this is only a generality
because not all young are “cooked” to term
internally.
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Monotremes – an Order of Class
Mammalia
Monotremes
eg. The Platypus, which has a BILL, lays EGGS, but still has
mammary glands and produces MILK for young. This
suggests a relationship between REPTILES, BIRDS and
mammals. Imagine that?
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Marsupials
– eg. The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal.
Here, the development of the young is very
complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very
“uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s
pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to
continue development. You might say, baby
Kangaroos or “Joey’s” get a womb with a view 
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Kangaroo Birth
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17 Weeks
Placental Mammals
– eg. You – well if you’re female, anyway. Internal
Fertilization development of young to a highly
Advanced stage. www.assignmentpoint.com
The Placenta is Key
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In Mammals, all the Major Body
Systems are online and advanced
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Skeletal System
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Muscular System
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Advanced Circulatory System
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Respiratory System
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Nervous System is online and
advanced!
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Excretory System – ooo look,
Kidneys!
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Endocrine System – Controls
you Hormones
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Lots of Mammals in the Simpsons

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Lastly, we can Learn Important
Lessons from Mammals like Homer
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