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The Nazi's in the wilderness 1924-29 • • B aim – to explain how and why the Nazi party restructured and judge how credible a threat they were A aim – to analyse how credible a threat the Nazis were considering the political environment and the condition of the Nazi party Why did Hitler’s putsch fail? General Seeckt, acting on President Ebert’s orders, ordered Lossow to crush the revolt. Read this source and highlight key points. Write own knowledge around this source which you can link to it. Use your cartoons to help you. Can you think of any own knowledge to challenge this source? • • B aim – to analyze why the Nazi party followed its particular ideology and the reasons for their popularity in the early years A aim – to analyze the reasons for Nazi ideology and the impacts of their ideology and circumstances on their popularity in the early years Recap on Monday What key words would you use to describe Nazi ideology? Why did they have this ideology? They didn’t win any seats before 1924, but they did increase in numbers from 515 members in 1920 to 6000 members in 1922. Why did they increase in membership? Use the sources on p.54 to answer the following questions 1. Why did Hitler consider the Nazis not ready for power? 2. In what ways did the failure help the Nazis? 3. Does source 2.33 show that after the Munich Putsch the Nazis became a democratic party, and accepted the Weimar constitution? 4. Was the Munich Putsch a complete failure? What do you think Hitler wanted to achieve with this article? 1925 February 26 In an editorial entitled "A New Beginning," Hitler proclaims the rebirth of the Nazi Party. To get ahead of criticism concerning some of the more unsavory party members, Hitler denies that it is his job to weed out the more controversial Nazis: "I do not consider it to be the task of a political leader to attempt to improve upon, or even to fuse together, the human material lying ready to his hand." Hitler went on to attack some of the other party members, who had brought opposition by the Catholic Church—a very large and very respected entity in Bavaria—to the Party. He thus lodged "a special protest against the attempt to bring religious disputes into the movement, or even to equate the movement with religious disputes . . . . Religious reformations cannot be made by political children, and, in the case of these gentlemen, it is very rarely that anything else is in question." Mein Kampf Hitler’s control Organisation Nazi Restructuring Members and leaders Prelude to success Turning point Was Gregor Stasser a credible opponent? While Hitler was in prison, Strasser decided that the party had to go in a new ideological direction. Whereas Hitler had preached the Nazi value of ‘Blood and Soil’ – that all Germans of good blood came from a rural farming background – Strasser believed in the opposite – that the urban man and industrialisation were the way ahead if Germany was going to retain her old power and authority in Europe. Strasser saw himself as an “urban revolutionary” who wanted to fully embrace “undiluted socialist principles”. He believed that he would give the party a far greater intellectual bent than Hitler could ever hope to achieve. At the 1926 Bamberg Party Conference Strasser was supported by his brother, Otto, and initially by Goebbels. However, it soon became clear to Goebbels that Hitler had more support than Strasser had bargained for and he was able to argue his case for ‘Blood and Soil’ with some cogency. As a result Goebbels changed sides and this resulted in Strasser calling him a “scheming dwarf”. Strasser was a member of the Freikorps before joining the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). He took part in the Beer Hall Putsch and after its failure was briefly imprisoned. On his release he sold his apothecary shop and used the money to devote himself wholly to the party. He moved to North Germany where he quickly became one of the most important figures in Sturm Abteilung (SA). He developed a large following and became leader of the revolutionary wing of the NSDAP. Strasser was a committed socialist who believed in "undiluted socialist principles". Like Ernst Roehm, opposed Hitler's policy of trying to win the support of the country's major industrialists. His outspoken views caused a deep rift with Hitler and other leaders of the party. In 1924 he joined forces with his brother, Otto Strasser, to establish the Berliner Arbeiter Zeitung, a left-wing newspaper, that advocated world revolution. It also supported Lenin and the Bolshevik government in the Soviet Union. Later that year, Strasser was elected to the Bavarian Legislature. His biographer, Louis L. Snyder, has argued: "In this capacity he proved to be an able organizer, an indefatigable if weak speaker, a shrewd politician, and a lover of action.... Using his parliamentary immunity to protect him from libel suits and holding a free railway pass, he turned his energy to seeking the highest post in the National Socialist Party. He would push Hitler aside and replace him. Strasser regarded himself as a proud intellectual who had far more to offer the party than the emotional and unstable Hitler." In one speech Strasser argued: "The rise of National Socialism is the protest of a people against a State that denies the right to work. If the machinery for distribution in the present economic system of the world is incapable of properly distributing the productive wealth of nations, then that system is false and must be altered. The important part of the present development is the anti-capitalist sentiment that is permeating our people." Ernst Hanfstaengel has claimed that "Hitler was deeply jealous of Gregor Strasser. He was the one potential indeed actual rival within the party. He had made the Rhineland his fief. I remember during one tour through the Ruhr towns seeing Strasser's name plastered up against the wall of every railway underpass. He was obviously quite a figure in the land. Hitler looked away." On 14th February, 1926, at the NSDAP annual conference, Strasser called for the destruction of capitalism in any way possible, including cooperation with the Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union. At the conference Joseph Goebbels supported Strasser but once he realised the majority supported Adolf Hitler over Strasser, he changed sides. From this point on Strasser began to call Goebbels "the scheming dwarf". Hitler was deeply jealous of Gregor Strasser. He was the one potential indeed actual rival within the party. He hadwhich made the Rhineland his fief. I remember during one tour through Highlight anything makes the Ruhr towns seeing Strasser's name plastered up against the wall of every railway him a credible and underpass. He was opponent obviously quite a figure in the land. Hitler looked away. There was no anything which makes him a doing well", or any approving sign. comment about "Strasser seems to be feeble opponent. The Golden Years Recap Strengths Domestic Politics International Agreements Culture Economy Weaknesses Did it work? Yes because... No because... • • B aim – to explain how and why the Nazi party restructured and judge how credible a threat they were A aim – to analyse how credible a threat the Nazis were considering the political environment and the condition of the Nazi party Bs include information about the Nazi party structures. Charis include information about the Nazi party structure and the political environment of Weimar Germany. • Very serious threat.... • Fairly serious threat.... • Quite a serious threat.... • Not a very serious threat.... Homework – Due Monday 9th December Read pp. 176-188 of the Green Book. Write a report by Hitler of the state of the Nazi party in the early years. Include information from the text.