Download bone - Catawba County Schools

Bell/Payday!
• List all of the Functions of the
• Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Explain the structure of the bones.
Analyze the function of the skeletal system
Discuss characteristics and treatment of common
skeletal disorders.
• 206 bones in the body
• "OSTEO" because
that is the Greek word
for bone
• "endo-" means within
or into
• peri-" means around
Video segment
• Functions of the Skeletal System
• (United streaming)
• Supports body and
provides shape.
• Protects internal organs.
• Movement and
anchorage of muscles.
• Mineral storage. (Calcium
and phorphorus)
• Hemopoiesis
• 2) osteoblasts Bone-forming
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cells
are cuboidal and columnar in shape
with a central nucleus found on the
bone surface.
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*They come from bone marrow
precursor cells.
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*The job of osteoblasts is to make
the proteins that will form the
organic matrix of bone and to
control mineralization of the bone
*They have receptors for hormones
such as vitamin D, estrogen, and
parathyroid hormone.
*They secrete factors that activate
1) OSTEOCYTE – mature bone cell.
osteoclasts
* . . . live inside the bone and have long branches which allow them
to contact each other as well as the lining cells on the bone surface.
* . . . are in a perfect position to sense any mechanical strain on the
bone.
3)
* . . . can secrete growth factors which activate the lining cells or
osteoclasts Cells
stimulate the osteoblasts.
that remove material
* Their exact role is still under investigation, but probably the
osteocytes direct bone remodeling to accomodate mechanical strain
to form the central
and repair fatigue damage.
cavity in a long bone
BONE FORMATION
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Week 8: Every organ is in place,
bones begin to replace cartilage,
and fingerprints begin to form. By
the 8th week the baby can begin
to hear.
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Embryo skeletal starts as
osteoblasts
(primitive embryonic cells) –
then change to cartilage.
At 8 weeks, OSSIFICATION
begins. (Mineral matter begins
to replace cartilage)
Infant bones soft because
ossification not complete at
birth.
FONTANEL - Soft spot on
baby’s head
STRUCTURE OF LONG BONE
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DIAPHYSIS – shaft
EPIPHYSES – ends
MEDULLARY CAVITY – center of
shaft, filled with yellow bone marrow,
which is mostly fat cells, also cells that
form white blood cells.
ENDOSTEUM – lines marrow cavity
Shaft is made of COMPACT BONE –
ends are SPONGY BONE- cells form a
network with spaces between area of
bone. Light/strong.Ends contain red
marrow where red blood cells are
made.
PERIOSTEUM – tough, outside
covering of bone – contains blood
vessels, lymph vessels and nerves.
Ability to multiply, grow and repair.
ossification The process by which
embryonic cartilage is replaced
with bone.
Hemopoiesis
1. White blood cells made in yellow
marrow
2. Red blood cells made in red marrow
Bell
• Complete “Know your Bones”
Articular Cartilage
1. Thin layer covers the
epiphysis
2. Acts as a shock absorber
when two bones meet to form a
joint
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Listen for instructions
When the bone is complete label….
Red Marrow Cavity
Epiphysis
Yellow Marrow
Periostium
Diaphysis
Articular Cartilage
Long Bone Follow-up
• You can pick up your graded work in the
back!
• Label D-Completed as homework, place
on desk so that I can see your completed
work!
• Complete Know your Bones
Bellringer
• Write down to the four categories of bone
by shape/type
• List at least 2 examples under each
category
• Read pg 86 & see page 96
Bone Types
• Bones are classified as
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• long bones,
• - short bones,
• - flat bones,
• - irregular bones
Adult: Posterior View
Lateral View
• AXIAL – skull, spinal
column, ribs, sternum,
hyoid
• APPENDICULAR –
shoulder girdle, arms,
pelvis, legs
• 2 nasal-sm bones
bridge/nose
• 1 vomernose,lower septum
• 2 inferior concha• sidewall/nose
• 2 maxilla-form
upper jaw
• 2 lacrimal-inner
aspects of eye
(tear ducts)
• 2 zygomaticcheek bones
2 palatine-roof of
mouth
1 mandiblejaw/moves
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1 frontal-forehead
2 parietal-sides
2 temporal-tempels
1 occipital-above
neck
• 1 ethmoid-between
eyes/nasal septum
• 1 sphenoid-key
bone of skull/ all
bones are
connected
Vertebral
Column
Encloses the spinal
cord
• Vertebrae – separated by
pads of cartilage =
intervertebral discs
• Cervical vertebrae (7)
– Atlas-#1 YES
– Axis #2 NO
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Thoracic vertebrae (12)
Lumbar vertebrae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Vertebral
column
1. Encloses spinal cord
2. Separated by pads of cartilage
3. = intervertebral discs
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Sternum divided into 3 parts –
(1) Manubrium-upper portion
(2) Body-center
(3)tip is XIPHOID PROCESS
Attached to the vertebra on the
dorsal side of the body
12 pairs of Ribs – first 7 are true
ribs – connected to sternum by
cartilage
next 3 are false ribs – cartilage
connects them to 7th rib (not
sternum)
next 2 are floating
• Did you know ?
• Both sexes have an equal
number of ribs, 24 to be exact.
Bell
• Let’s get ready for that terminology test!
• Complete the worksheet “Applying Medical
Terminology”
• Be ready to take the final quiz…prefixes!
Bell ringer/payday…
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list the 3 divisions of the vertebral column
list the 3 divisions of the sternum
list the 3 divisions of the of the ribs
4) Describe the difference in the AXIAL
and the APPENDICULAR skeletal system.
Small groups
Draw and label (fill the paper from
edge to edge)
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Cranium/skull
Face
Top 1/3 vertebra
Middle 1/3 vertebra
Bottom 1/3 vertebra
Sacrum and Coccyx
Top 1/3 ribs
Middle 1/3 ribs
Bottom ribs
sternum
Appendicular
Skeleton
BLUE
Upper extremity/Appendicular
• clavicle – (2) curved collar
bone
• scapula – (2) triangular
shaped shoulder blade
– Permit attachment of
muscles that help arms
move
• humerus – upper arm
– 2nd largest bone in the bod
• Radius- lower arm, thumb sid
• Ulna – lower arm (larger)
– Olecranan-projection/elbow.
Nerve, funny bone.
Left lower arm/Appendicular
• Total of 27 bones ea
hand
• carpals –(8) wrist bones
– held together by
ligaments
• metacarpals –(5) hand
bones
• phalanges –(14) fingers
• Thumb most flexible,end
of metacarpal is rounded
and muscles attached
from the hand. Can
extend across palm
Bell
• Look over your foldable…Medical terms.
You need to know about pronunciation,
how a prefix/suffix can change the
meaning!
Lower Extremity/Appendicular
• pelvis – 3 bones (ilium,
ischium, and pubis) next
slide
• femur – upper leg,
longest and strongest
bone in body
• Tibia- longest supporting
bone of the lower leg
fibula – lower leg
• patella – kneecap
Appears 2-3 yrs
female 6 yrs male.
Ossifies puberty.4
bursae cushion knee joint
Anerior view pelvis
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– 3 bones
ilium
ischium
pubis
Ankle and Foot/Appendicular
• tarsal bones – ankle
• calcaneus – heel
bone
• metatarsals – foot
bones
• Phalanges-14bones
Distal, Middle,
Proximal
Complete
• Broken Bones …goes with back page
“know your bones”
Bell
• Text pages 116-117 answer only
2,3,5,6,10,11, 12,13,14, 15, 15, 17, 18,and
19
Draw and label…
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Stick with the R side of the body….
Shoulder girdle
Humerus
Radius/Ulna
Hand
Pelvic girdle
Femur
Tibia/Fibula
Foot
Let’s Build a Skeleton
• Draw( to the edges of your paper) and Label/Remember anatomical
position…color!
• 1) Skull
• 2) Shoulder and arm (L)
• 3) Wrist and hand (L)
• 4) Ribs Left side only
• 5) Pelvic girdle and femur (L)
• 6) Tibia/Fibula (L)
• 7) Vertebra
• 8) Ankle/foot (L)
• 9) Ball/Socket pg 104
• 10) Hinge pg 104
• 11) Pivot pg 104
• 12 Gliding pg 104
Bell
• Complete worksheet, Critical thinking
• Supports body and
provides shape.
• Protects internal organs.
• Movement and
anchorage of muscles.
• Mineral storage. (Calcium
and phosphorus)
• Hemopoiesis
Movement and anchorage of
muscles.
• Movement and anchorage
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1. Abduction and adduction
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2. Circumduction and rotation
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3. Flexion and extension
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4. Pronation and supination
• Joints are points of contact between 2 bones – classified
according to movement:
• SYNOVIAL FLUID – lubricating substance in joints
• BALL AND SOCKET JOINT – bone with ball-shaped
head fits into concave socket of 2nd bone. Shoulders
and hips.
• HINGE JOINTS – move in one direction or plane. Knees,
elbows, outer joints of fingers.
• PIVOT JOINT – those with an extension rotate on a 2nd,
arch shaped bone. Radius and ulna, atlas and axis.
• GLIDING JOINTS – flat surfaces glide across each
other. Vertebrae of spine.
• SUTURE – immovable joint. Skull.
Do this at home and bring in
• on_________
• Build and label the components of a joint.
Label the bone above and below.
• Tell the type of joint
• Not to be made with paper, or ready made
hinge.
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• Synarthroses-no movement
• Ampiarthrosis-slight Movement
• Diarthrosis-free movement
– classified according to
movement:
Right Knee Joint: Anterior View
Bell
• Complete A Matter of Movement
• Ok to use notes/text
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Bell-payday
pick one that you did NOT do
yesterday!
Briefly Research a:
Radiologist
Radiologic Technologist
Physical Therapist
Physical Therapy Assistant (LPTA)
Resources: NC Health Careers and text
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Education required
Work environment
Salary Range
Educational programs
• (2) Certificates
• (2) Assoc Degree
• (2) Bachelors
• FRACTURE – a break
• GREENSTICK – in children, bone bent and
splintered but never completely separates
• Treated by:
• CLOSED REDUCTION – cast or splint applied
• OPEN REDUCTION – surgical intervention with
devices such as wires, metal plates or screws to
hold the bones in alignment (internal fixation)
• Traction…next slide
Traction
• TRACTION – pulling force used to hold
the bones in place – used for fractures of
long bones
Types of Bone Fractures
Components of Total Hip and Total
Knee Replacement
Arthroplasty: (A) total hip replacement; (B) total knee replacement. A strong plastic
called polyethylene takes the place of articular cartilage, preventing friction
between bones.
Degenerative changes in the cartilage of the knee.
Assignment
• Complete Fractures worksheet
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Abnormal curvatures of the spine:
KYPHOSIS – hunchback
LORDOSIS – swayback
SCOLIOSIS – lateral curvature
Which one???
• scoliosis.
Which one???
• Kyphosis
• ARTHROSCOPY – examination into joint
using arthroscope with fiber optic lens,
most knee injuries treated with
arthroscopy.
Skeletal System disorders…
• DISLOCATION – bone displaced from
proper position in joint
• SPRAIN – sudden or unusual motion,
ligaments torn but joint not dislocated
• STRAIN – overstretching or tearing
muscle
ARTHRITIS – inflammation of one or more joints
Bell/assignment
• Starting on page 106 list at least 2 facts
about each heading…
• 1) Disorders/trauma to Bones and Joints
• 2) Diseases… Arthritis etc.
• 3) Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine
• 4) Osteoporosis
• 5) Osteomyelitis
carrousel
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Listen for and remember your assigned number
Stay in your assigned group
Group one starts @ one…and so forth
1) Disorders/trauma to Bones and Joints
2) Diseases… Arthritis etc.
3) Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine
4) Osteoporosis
5) Osteomyelitis
Each group writes 2 facts about the topic (do not repeat)
We will rotate counter clockwise every 2 minutes
Workbook
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Workbook
Pages 72-73 T and U
Page 75 # 5
(make sure above is complete)
• NEW
• Matching Page 118-119 from text
Bell
• What is the function of intervertebral
disks?
Bell
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Using the NC Health Careers book
Explore 2 more careers that you think A
Health care professional interested in the
Skeleton would choose
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Example: Physical therapist
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Occupational therapist
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Licensed Physical Therapy Assistant
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Certified Athletic Trainer
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Radiologist
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Radiologist Assistant
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Areas of Specialization
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Work Environment
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Academic Requirements
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Educational Programs
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$$$
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Count your phalanges and add the total to
this research
Bell
• Quickly study your last set of prefixes
• 5 centers/15 min each
• 1) computers red disk is “chapter 6” or
recommended WEB sites
• 2) BINGO
• 3) Clip board race (outside)
• 4) flash cards
• 5) sticky note labels